四川博物院藏战国铜编钟饰金工艺的科学分析

Scientific research on gold-decoration techniques of Warring States bronze chime bells in Sichuan Museum

为研究战国铜编钟饰金工艺,利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和X射线无损检测系统等分析仪器,对四川博物院藏战国铜编钟表面饰金纹饰的形态结构、成分和工艺特征等进行科学分析。形态特征显示:编钟表面有开槽,金丝填充于凹槽内,金丝表面存在明显间隙,部分金丝可见涂抹痕迹和边缘流挂痕迹,纹饰附近的基体上有金色颗粒残留。金丝表面未发现捶打或剪裁等加工痕迹,表明编钟装饰的金丝与传统错金工艺使用的金丝存在明显差异。金丝的成分分析结果显示:Au含量大于91.6%,Ag含量为1.0%~4.0%,Hg含量为0.5%~6.0%,且剖面可见大量孔隙结构。从金丝的形态特征和成分推测编钟采用了凹槽鎏金工艺进行装饰,开槽的目的是为了提高鎏金的附着力。此项工作不仅可为开展巴蜀地区青铜装饰工艺研究提供珍贵的数据支撑,也可为我国古代青铜装饰技法研究提供重要的实物资料。

The morphological structure,composition and technical characteristics of the gold-inlaid decorative patterns on Warring States bronze chime bells collected in Sichuan Museum were investigated using optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and non-destructive X-ray detection,etc.Analysis of the morphological characteristics revealed obvious grooves on the surface of the chimes,which were filled with gold wires.Gaps were identified on the surface of gold wires,some of which showed smear marks and edge sagging marks.In addition,gold particles were found on the substrate near ornamentation.No processing traces such as beating or cutting were identified on the surface of gold wires,indicating a significant difference between the gold wire decorating the chimes and that used in the traditional inlaying process.The results of gold wire composition analysis indicated that the Au content was greater than 91.6%,Ag 1.0%~4.0%and Hg 0.5%~6.0%.In addition,a large number of pore structures can be seen in the sections of the gold wires.On the basis of the morphological characteristics and composition of the gold wires,it was speculated that the chime was decorated using a gilding technique,and the purpose of the groove was to improve the adhesion of the gilding.This work not only provides valuable data in support of the study of bronze decoration crafts in Bashu area but also provides important physical materials for the study of ancient bronze decoration crafts in China.