马克思主义视域下文明的进步与先进性探讨

A Discussion on the Progress and Advantage of Civilizations in a Marxist Horizon

本文首先阐述了人类文明发展的多样性及其差异,指出人类文明历经奴隶文明、封建文明、资本主义文明与社会主义文明的经济根源在于以生产工具为代表的社会生产力的发展状况。接着阐述了文明进步的表现与判断,提出文明进步必然要表现在社会生产力的发展上,并往往会通过文化进步来表现,具体包括物质文明、经济文明、政治文明、精神文明、社会文明、生态文明、军事文明等各领域的进步。然后阐述了文明进步的主要推动力量在于人的本质力量,表现为人的创造力与创新力的不断提升,而社会所有制和阶级斗争均与文明进步密切关联。最后阐述了文明是先进或落后需要放到一定的历史条件下去认识,指出美国除了物质文明外多种文明性质严重扭曲,当今世界主要冲突的实质不是基督教文明同伊斯兰文明、中华文明之类的宗教冲突或一般价值观冲突,而是霸权主义、新帝国主义国家与各被压迫、被制裁国家和民族之间的矛盾和冲突;指出中国特色社会主义充分彰显了21世纪人类文明新形态,是当今世界最具先进性的人类文明发展形态,倡导与其他文明进行平等交流互鉴。

This paper illustrates the diversity and differences of human civilization development first and points out that the economic foundation of the progress of slavery,feudal,capitalist and socialist civilizations is the situation of social productivity represented by tools of production.Secondly,it illustrates the express and judgment of the progress of civilization and put forward the opinion that the progress of civilization will definitely shown as the development of social productivity and presented in the progress of culture,including the progress of material,economic,political,mental,social,ecological,military civilization and so on.Next,the major power that pushes the progress of civilization is the essential power of human,which shown as the enhancement of creativeness and innovations.Besides,the social ownership and class struggle are closely connected with the progress of civilization.Finally,civilizations being developed or underdeveloped must be judged in its particular historical situation;and many parts of the US civilization is twisted except for its material civilization.The major conflict of modern world is not about religion or normal values like between the Christian civilization and Islamic or Chinese civilization,but the conflict between hegemonic,Neo-imperialist countries and nations under oppression and sanctions.Socialism with Chinese characters fully shows the new form of human civilization in 21st century.It is the most advanced form of progressive human civilization and it advocates equal learning and communicating with other civilizations.