1950年代初期新区乡村干部的生成逻辑——以土改工作队为中心的考察

Logic of Qualification of Rural Cadres in Liberated South in Early 1950s:A Case Study of Work Team of Land Reform

基层干部匮乏是1950年代初期新区乡村面临的普遍性问题。借助减租退押和土地改革等一系列政治运动,奔赴万千乡村的工作队成为培养一大批新式乡村干部的关键力量。在土地改革运动中,作为“临时性”“非常规性”的权力机构,工作队不仅代表国家推动土改在乡村中的迅速贯彻,而且借助诉苦斗争实现了乡村干部的初步“生产”。在土改实践阶段,工作队充分训练乡村干部的独立工作能力,及时塑造后者的法理型权威,实现从“非常规性”权力向“常规性”权力形态过渡,保证了土改结束工作队撤离时乡村权力的平稳交接。这一转换最终构成此时期新区乡村干部生成的内在逻辑。

The present paper argues that the work teams promoting the land reform played a key role in cultivating the qualified rural cadres in the early 1950s. According to the paper, it was through the effort made by these work teams that there was the stable, normalized and well-established rural administration, which secured the peaceful transition of political power in the southern countryside.