中国消费品进口占比的国际比较、问题与对策

China's Consumer Goods Import Ratio--International Comparison,Problems and Solutions

消费品进口是满足国内消费升级、提升国内消费者福利的重要途径。自2004年以来,尽管中国消费品进口规模、消费品进口占比整体表现为增加的态势,但是,通过横向对比、纵向对比以及历史发展对比发现,现阶段中国消费品进口占比偏低。部分消费品的进口关税税率较高、最终消费支出占国内生产总值的比重偏低、消费品境外消费数额庞大、进口消费品的国内流通成本和销售渠道问题是中国消费品进口占比偏低的主要原因。为了进一步提高消费品进口占比、促进消费品进口,中国应当进一步降低部分消费品的进口关税水平,加快建设国际消费中心城市,大力发展跨境电商进口,降低进口消费品的国内流通成本,加快进口贸易促进创新示范区建设,提高最终消费支出占国内生产总值的比重,从而降低进口成本、扩大进口规模,并释放国内消费者对进口消费品的需求。

Import of consumer goods is an important way for a country to meet domestic consumptionupgrading demand and enhance domestic consumer well-being. Since 2004, although China’simport of consumer goods has been increasing in terms of both size and proportion, horizontalcomparison, vertical comparison, and historical comparison all point to a low proportion ofconsumer goods import. The high import tariffs on some consumer goods, the low share of finalconsumption expenditure in GDP, the large amount of consumer goods consumed outsideChina, and the domestic distribution costs and sales channels of imported consumer goods arethe main reasons for the low import ratio of consumer goods in China. To further raise theproportion of consumer goods import, China should further reduce the import tariffs on someconsumer goods, accelerate building of major international consumption cities, vigorouslydevelop cross-border e-commerce, reduce domestic distribution costs of imported consumergoods, build demonstration zones for innovation promotion of import trade, and unleashdomestic consumers’ demand for imported consumer goods.