2018年甘肃省肿瘤登记地区白血病流行特征及2010-2018年变化趋势

Incidence and Mortality of Leukemia in Cancer Registration Areas of Gansu Province in 2018 and Its Trends from 2010 to 2018

[目的]分析2018年甘肃省肿瘤登记地区白血病发病与死亡特征及2010-2018年白血病发病与死亡变化趋势。[方法]选取2010-2018年甘肃省符合数据质量标准要求的15个肿瘤登记项目点上报的白血病发病、死亡和人口数据,按性别和年龄组分层计算粗发病/死亡率、标化发病/死亡率、累积发病/死亡率,采用Joinpoint线性回归模型分析2010-2018年甘肃省白血病中标发病/死亡率的年度变化百分比(APC)。中标率及世标率分别采用2000年全国普查标准人口年龄构成和Segi’s世界标准人口年龄构成计算。[结果] 2018年甘肃省肿瘤登记地区白血病发病率为4.67/10万,中标率为4.09/10万,世标率为4.31/10万,累积发病率(0~74岁)为0.38%;粗死亡率为2.38/10万,中标率为1.99/10万,世标率为2.17/10万,累积死亡率(0~74岁)为0.21%。男性白血病发病率和死亡率均高于女性,农村地区白血病发病率和死亡率均高于城市地区。白血病发病率和死亡率均在50岁开始明显上升,80~84岁年龄组达到高峰,随后下降。在不同分型的白血病中,髓样白血病中标发病率和死亡率均高于淋巴样白血病(2.13/10万vs 0.60/10万;0.58/10万vs 0.42/10万)。2010-2018年甘肃省肿瘤登记地区白血病中标发病率与中标死亡率趋势变化均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论] 2010-2018年甘肃省肿瘤登记地区白血病中标发病率与死亡率低于全国平均水平,但白血病的防控不容忽视。男性和髓样白血病发病、死亡率均较高,老年人群是白血病的高危人群,应根据性别与年龄分布差异,加强肿瘤一级预防宣传教育工作,增强居民健康自我保护意识,加大对高危人群的识别和关注,做到早发现、早诊断、早治疗。

[Purpose] To analyze the incidence and mortality of leukemia in the cancer registration areas of Gansu Province in 2018 and its trend from 2010 to 2018. [Methods] Leukemia incidence, mortality and population data reported from 15 cancer registries in Gansu Province that met the requirements of data quality standards from 2010 to 2018 were collected, and crude incidence/mortality, age-standardized incidence/mortality, and cumulative incidence/mortality were calculated by gender and age group. The annual percentage change(APC) of incidence/mortality of leukemia in Gansu cancer registration areas from 2010 to 2018 was analyzed using Joinpoint linear regression model. The age-standardized rate was calculated and adjusted by Chinese standard population in 2000(ASIRC, ASMRC) and world standard(Segi’s) population(ASIRW, ASMRW),respectively. [Results] In 2018, the crude incidence rate of leukemia in Gansu cancer registration areas was 4.67/10^(5), the ASIRC was 4.09/10^(5), the ASIRW rate was 4.31/10^(5), and the cumulative incidence rate(0~74 years old) was 0.38%. The crude mortality rate was 2.38/10^(5), the ASMRC was 1.99/10^(5), the ASMRW rate was 2.17/10^(5), and the cumulative mortality rate(0~74 years old) was 0.21%. The incidence and mortality of leukemia were higher in male than in female, and the incidence and mortality rates of leukemia were higher in rural areas than those in urban areas.Both incidence and mortality rates started to rise significantly at the age of 50, peaked at the age group of 80~84, and then declined. Among the different subtypes of leukemia, the incidence and mortality rates of myeloid leukemia were higher than others(2.13/10^(5)vs 0.60/10^(5),0.58/10^(5)vs 0.42/10^(5)).The change trend of ASIRC and ASMRC in Gansu from 2010 to 2018 was not statistically significant(P>0.05). [Conclusion] From 2010 to 2018, leukemia incidence and mortality rates in Gansu cancer registration areas were lower than the national average level, but the prevention and control of leukemia in targeted population should be strengthened.