高等教育对女性生育水平的影响机制研究

Research on the Influence Mechanism of Higher Education on Women′s Fertility Level

基于2012-2017年CGSS数据实证研究了高等教育对女性生育水平的影响机制。结果表明:女性接受高等教育能够显著抑制其生育水平,这种影响随学历层次的提高而增大且随年龄的增长而有所减弱,同时存在工作性质、户籍类型和区域差异。机制分析显示,高等教育还会通过机会成本效应和性别认同效应降低女性的生育水平,且前者远大于后者,说明高学历女性生育水平低主要源于机会成本较高而进行的被动选择,对此,应从发展托幼服务业、引导企业健全相关制度、呼吁男性参与家庭劳动等方面入手鼓励女性提高生育水平。

Based on the CGSS data from 2012 to 2017,this paper empirically studies the impact mechanism of higher education on female fertility.The results show that female with higher education can significantly inhibit the fertility level and this effect increases with the improvement of educational level and decreases with their age,which has differences between regional,registered residence types and working nature.In addition to the direct impact,education can also reduce women’s fertility level through the effect of opportunity cost and gender identity,and the former is far greater than the latter,which indicates that the low fertility level of women with high education background is mainly due to the passive choice of higher opportunity cost.Therefore,we should focus on the development of child care service industry,guide enterprises to improve re-levant systems,and call on men to participate in family work to encourage women to improve their fertility.