芦原义信街道宽高比(D/H)的栅格计算及应用研究

Grid Calculation and Application of the Ratio of Distance to Building Height(D/H)of Yoshinobu Ashihara

街道宽高比(D/H),由日本建筑师芦原义信率先提出,后被广泛应用于各类街道形态测度的研究中。当下针对D/H值的计算方法大致可分为“整体加权”和“分点剖切”两类,且都存在较为明显的局限性。本文从数学角度出发,尝试优化D/H值的计算方法,再以柯坦老街为例,利用GIS进行了完整的实践研究。研究通过创建D/H栅格,消除了横向研究的维度差,使宽高比能够以参数的形式融入当下主流的数据和空间分析。文中列举了数据二次处理、空间评价、关联分析三种主要研究方向,并择一种,通过空间回归和一般线性回归,探究了街道D/H值与空间停留性的内在关系。研究显示:在柯坦老街的近人尺度下,街道D/H值变化与自发性停留点的空间分布没有明显的相关性,但与停留时间呈显著的正相关。该例不仅为街道空间设计提供了重要依据,也从方法论的角度为类似的发散性研究提供了技术参考。

The ratio of distance to building height(D/H)was proposed by Japanese architect Yoshinobu Ashihara,and has since been widely used in the study of street morphological measurement.At present,the calculation methods of D/H value can be roughly divided into“overall weighting”and“point cutting”,and both have obvious limitations.This paper attempts to optimize the calculation method of D/H value from a mathematical point of view,and then takes Ketan old street as an example to conduct a complete practical research by using GIS.By creating D/H grid,the dimension difference of horizontal research is eliminated,and the aspect ratio can be integrated into the current mainstream data and spatial analysis in the form of parameters.This paper lists three main research directions of“data secondary processing,spatial evaluation and association analysis”,and selects one of them to explore the internal relationship between street D/H value and spatial retention through spatial regression and general linear regression.The study shows that under the near human scale of Ketan old street,the change of street D/H value has no obvious correlation with the spatial distribution of spontaneous residence point,but has a significant positive correlation with residence time.This example not only provides an important basis for street space design,but also provides a technical reference for similar divergent research from the perspective of methodology.