两种医疗废物应急协同处置技术的生命周期评价

Life Cycle Assessment of Two Emergency Co-Disposal Technologies of Medical Waste

新冠疫情暴发导致医疗废物数量激增,疫情严重地区的医疗废物产生量远超其已有处置能力,其处置成为阻止疫情蔓延的关键环节。对医疗废物分别与危险废物和生活垃圾协同焚烧两种应急处置技术的特点、环境风险及技术适应性进行比较,并通过生命周期评价方法量化比较两种技术的环境影响和关键因素。结果表明:与生活垃圾协同焚烧技术由于发电而具有显著的环境效益;与危险废物协同焚烧,可有效避免二英类物质二次合成,但该技术因能耗高而对环境影响大。对后者的情景优化表明能源回收效率提高63.6%、节能减排指标降低了21.9%。研究结果可为医疗废物应急管理和可持续发展提供参考。

The COVID-19 epidemic has led to a surge of the amount of medical waste,and the generation amount of medical waste in severely affected areas far exceeded their existing disposal capacity.Disposal of medical waste become a key link to prevent epidemic spreading.The characteristics,environmental risks and technical adaptability of two medical waste emergency co-disposal technologies including co-incineration with hazardous waste and domestic waste respectively were compared.The environmental impacts and key factors of the two technologies were evaluated and compared via life cycle assessment.The results showed that co-incineration with domestic waste has significant environmental benefits due to power generation.While co-incineration with hazardous waste could effectively avoid the secondary synthesis of dioxins,but had a great impact on the environment due to high energy consumption.Scenario analysis of co-incineration with hazardous waste showed that the energy recovery efficiency increased by 63.6%,energy conservation and emission reduction targets reduced by 21.9%.The results of the study could provide recommendations for the emergency management and sustainable development of medical waste.