酵母培养物对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能和盲肠微生物区系的影响

Effects of Yeast Culture on Growth Performance,Immune Function and Cecal Microbiota of Yellow-Feathered Broilers

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同水平酵母培养物对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能和盲肠微生物区系的影响。选取1日龄黄羽肉鸡公雏360只,随机分为3个组,每组8个重复,每个重复15羽。对照组(YC_(0)组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加1000(YC_(1000)组)和2000 mg/kg(YC_(2000)组)酵母培养物。试验期70 d。结果表明:1)与YC_(0)组相比,YC_(1000)组黄羽肉鸡70日龄平均体重显著提高(P<0.05),1-70日龄料重比(F/G)显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与YC_(0)组相比,YC_(1000)组和YC_(2000)组黄羽肉鸡血清免疫球蛋白A和免疫球蛋白Y含量显著提高(P<0.05),血清白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-2、白细胞介素-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α含量显著降低(P<0.05),血清白细胞介素-10(IL-10)含量显著提高(P<0.05);且与YC_(2000)组相比,YC_(1000)组血清IL-1β含量显著降低(P<0.05),血清IL-10含量显著提高(P<0.05)。3)与YC_(0)组相比,YC_(1000)组和YC_(2000)组黄羽肉鸡血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均显著提高(P<0.05),血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05);且与YC_(2000)组相比,YC_(1000)组血清GSH-Px、T-SOD活性和T-AOC显著提高(P<0.05),血清MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05)。4)与YC_(0)组相比,YC_(2000)组黄羽肉鸡盲肠微生物Chao指数和Shannon指数显著提高(P<0.05),YC_(1000)组盲肠迷踪菌门(Elusimicrobiota)相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05),YC_(1000)组和YC_(2000)组盲肠拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05);与YC_(2000)组相比,YC_(1000)组盲肠理研菌科RC9肠道群(Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group)相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加酵母培养物能够降低黄羽肉鸡F/G,增强血清免疫和抗氧化功能,降低盲肠拟杆菌属相对丰度,提高盲肠理研菌科RC9肠道群相对丰度,且以添加1000 mg/kg效果为佳。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary yeast culture on growth performance,immune function and cecal microbiota of yellow-feathered broilers.A total of 360 yellow-feathered male chicks of 1-day-old were randomly divided into 3 groups with 8 replicates per group and 15 broilers per replicate.Broilers in the control group(YC_(0) group)were fed a basal diet,and those in the experimental groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with_(1000)(YC_(1000) group)and_(2000) mg/kg(YC_(2000) group)yeast culture,respectively.The experiment lasted for 70 days.The results showed as follows:1)compared with YC_(0) group,the average body weight of yellow-feathered broilers at 70 days of age in YC_(1000) group was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the ratio of feed to gain(F/G)from 1 to 70 days of age was significantly decreased(P<0.05).2)Compared with YC_(0) group,the contents of immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin Y in serum of yellow-feathered broilers in YC_(1000) and YC_(2000) groups were significantly increased(P<0.05),the contents of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-2,interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-αin serum were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the interleukin-10(IL-10)content in serum was significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with YC_(2000) group,the serum IL-1βcontent in YC_(1000) group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the serum IL-10 content was significantly increased(P<0.05).3)Compared with YC_(0) group,the activities of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)and catalase as well as total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)in serum of yellow-feathered broilers in YC_(1000) and YC_(2000) groups were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the serum malondialdehyde(MDA)content was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with YC_(2000) group,the activities of GSH-Px and T-SOD as well as T-AOC in serum in YC_(1000) group were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the serum MDA content in was significantly decreased(P<0.05).4)Compared with YC_(0) group,the Chao index and Shannon index of cecal microbiota of yellow-feathered broilers in YC_(2000) group were significantly increased(P<0.05),the Elusimicrobiota relative abundance in cecum in YC_(1000) group was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the Bacteroides relative abundance in cecum in YC_(1000) and YC_(2000) groups was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with YC_(2000) group,the Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group relative abundance in cecum in YC_(1000) group was significantly increased(P<0.05).In conclusion,dietary yeast culture can reduce F/G of yellow-feathered broilers,enhance serum immune and antioxidant functions,reduce the Bacteroides relative abundance in cecum,and increase the Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group relative abundance in cecum,and the optimal supplemental level of yeast culture is_(1000) mg/kg.