个人破产欺诈规制的本土化路径

The Native Path of the Regulation of Personal Bankruptcy Fraud

个人破产欺诈规制在保障债权人最大化受偿、贯彻诚实信用原则以及提高破产程序运行与社会运转效率等方面具有重要意义。当前我国正积极开展个人破产试点工作,在此背景下探讨如何规制个人破产欺诈议题具有现实必要性。个人破产欺诈行为较为复杂,在现实场景中表现出多种复杂样态,包括隐匿/转移财产、虚构债务或承认不真实债务、恶意破产、明显不合理对价交易、无偿行为、对原没有财产担保的债务提供财产担保、提前清偿未到期债务、危机期间的个别清偿。应当坚持从事前预防到事中控制再到事后追责的基本思路,从整体上协同推进个人破产欺诈防控机制建设,健全破产原因、破产保全、破产撤销权以及破产免责规则,并完善民事责任和刑事责任追究司法制度。

The regulation of personal bankruptcy fraud is of great significance in ensuring the maximum compensation of creditors, maintaining the principle of honesty and credit, and improving the operation efficiency of bankruptcy procedure and social operation.At present, China is actively carrying out the personal bankruptcy pilot work.Under this background, it is necessary to discuss how to regulate the personal bankruptcy fraud issue.Personal bankruptcy fraud is complicated, and it shows many complex forms in real situations, including concealment/transfer of property, false debt or admission of false debt, malicious bankruptcy, obviously unreasonable consideration transaction, gratuitous conduct, providing property security for the debts without property security, paying off unmatured debts in advance and individual liquidations during crises.We should adhere to the basic train of thought of preventing in advance, controlling midway and claiming responsibility afterwards, promote the construction of prevention and control mechanism of personal bankruptcy fraud as a whole, perfect the system of bankruptcy cause, bankruptcy preservation, bankruptcy cancellation right and bankruptcy exemption rules, and improve the judicial system of civil liability and criminal liability investigation.