现代汉语多义构式“V死”研究

On the Polysemous Construction“V+死”in Modern Chinese

现代汉语多义构式“V死”为原型范畴,内部包含同形异质的四个成员“V死1”“V死2”“V死3”“V死4”。按照V[致死]、[致使]语义特征的强弱,“V死3”可再分为“V死3a”“V死3b”,“V死4”则可再分为“V死4a”“V死4b”“V死4c”。通过语义关联分析与句法验证,可将“V死”范畴内各成员的典型性序列细化为“V死1”>“V死2”>“V死3a”>“V死3b”>“V死4a”>“V死4b”>“V死4c”。另外,“死2”“死3”的语法意义均应为状态义,“死4”的语义实现除与“语义冲突”有关外,还与基于隐喻相似性的认知推理有关。

The polysemy construction“V+死”in Modern Chinese is a prototype category,which contains four members of isomorphic heterogeneity.They are“V+死1”,“V+死2”,“V+死3”and“V+死4”.According to the semantic“lethal”and“cause”features of V,“V+死3”can be divided into“V+死3a”,“V+死3b”,and“V+死4”can be divided into“V+死4a”,“V+死4b”and“V+死4c”.Through semantic association analysis and syntactic verification,the typical sequences of members in the category of“V+死”can be subdivided into“V+死1”>“V+死2”>“V+死3a”>“V+死3b”>“V+死4a”>“V+死4b”>“V+死4c”.In addition,the grammatical meaning of“V+死2”and“V+死3”should be state meaning rather than result meaning,and the semantic realization of“V+死4”is not only related to“semantic conflict”,but also to cognitive reasoning,which is based on metaphor similarity.