我国可再生能源与盐穴氢储能技术耦合发电的分析与展望

Analyses and prospects for the coupled generation of renewable energy and the salt-cavern hydrogen-storage technology in China

本文结合我国目前可再生能源与氢能的发展趋势,对国内外当前地下盐穴储氢技术的发展现状进行了综述,指出江苏省拥有丰富的可再生能源与地下盐穴资源,其可再生资源与储能地址的重合性较好可作为发展该技术路线的理想选址。并对可再生能源与盐穴氢储能耦合发电技术的可行性与该技术路线全周期的发电成本进行了系统分析。这一技术路线通过可再生能源电解水制氢以化学能形式回收可再生能源,然后通过地下盐穴大规模储能,并在需要时利用燃料电池再发电将可再生能源重新利用。本文综合考虑和分析了制氢成本、储氢成本以及再发电成本,对该技术路线再发电的度电成本进行了初步分析。结果表明:当前该方式再发电的度电成本较高,为1.88元/kWh左右,其中电费成本和设备成本分别占总成本的61.1%和25.6%。若利用可再生能源发电的过盈电能进行电解水制氢且技术路线中的相关设备成本降低至当前的50%,则该技术路线的度电成本可降低至0.49元/kWh。想要进一步降低该技术路线的发电成本则还需要依赖于技术和制造水平的进步将燃料电池的发电效率进一步提高,若燃料电池效率提升至60%,则该技术路线的度电成本能够进一步降低至0.43元/kWh,基本与当前电价持平,具有实际应用价值。同时该技术路线的发展能够促进相关制造业的发展与技术进步,提高我国能源安全与在国际能源领域的竞争力,并助力我国尽快实现能源结构优化转型和“双碳”目标。随着未来电解槽和燃料电池等设备的技术水平与效率的提升,该技术路线将具有极高的应用前景。

Combining the current developmental renewable energy and hydrogen energy trends in China,this paper summarizes the current developmental status of an underground salt-cavern hydrogen-storage technology at home and abroad.Consequently,it was evident that the abundant renewable energy and underground salt cavern resources in Jiangsu Province,including the good coincidence of resource and energy storage sites,were ideal for developing this technical route.Therefore,we systematically analyzed the feasibility of this coupled power generation renewable energy technology,including that of the salt-cavern hydrogen-energy storage and these technical route’s full-cycle power generation costs.Investigations revealed that this technical route recovered renewable energy in the form of chemical energy by electrolyzing water from renewable energy to produce hydrogen,then stored this energy on a large scale through underground salt caverns,which used fuel cells to generate electricity for reusing renewable energy when needed.Next,this paper comprehensively considered and analyzed the cost of hydrogen production,including hydrogen storage and re-power generation,and then conducted a preliminary analysis of the kWh costs of re-power generation for this technical route.The results showed that the current cost of electricity reproduction was high,about 1.88 CNY/kWh,of which the cost of electricity and equipment accounted for 61.1%and 25.6%of the total cost,respectively.We also discovered that if the interference power generated by renewable energy was used to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen,the cost of related equipment in the technical route was reduced to 50%of the current,thereby reducing the electricity cost in the technical route to 0.49 CNY/kWh.Additionally,if reducing the power generation cost of the technical route further was necessary,a reliance on the progress of technological and manufacturing levels was needed to improve the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell further.To this end,we observed that if the fuel cell efficiency was increased to 60%,the cost of the technical route could be further reduced to 0.43 CNY/kWh,which was the same as the current electricity price.It also had practical application values.Hence,we propose that industrial and technological progress should improve China’s energy security and competitiveness in the international energy field,helping her realize the optimization and transformation of the energy structure,including her peak carbon dioxide emission and carbon neutrality goals,as soon as possible.Moreover,with an improvement in the technical level and efficiency of equipment,such as electrolyzers and fuel cells,in the future,this technical route could also have extremely high application prospects.