汉儒从祀文庙与清代官方的汉学评价

Han Confucians Enshrined in Confucian Temples and the Official Evaluation of Han Learning in the Qing Dynasty

有清一代,汉儒郑玄、许慎、刘德与赵岐先后从祀文庙,尤其是清朝褒扬郑玄、许慎、赵岐三位东汉儒生的做法,从根本上改变了明嘉靖九年确立的文庙从祀独重西汉传经之儒的标准,这对清代汉学具有鼓舞、提振的意义。但是,是否得到朱熹的赞许,或者是否有助于宋儒发明义理,成为清代官方考虑汉儒能否从祀文庙的条件,也是评价汉学价值的重要尺度。清朝在《钦定四库全书总目》等官修书籍中展现出汉宋兼采的态度,但在讨论汉儒从祀文庙这一议题时,则凸显出宋学居于汉学之上的秩序观念。清代官方的汉学评价,在不同语境中存在有微妙差异。

In the Qing dynasty,Han Confucians suchas Zheng Xuan,Xu Shen,Liu De and Zhao Qi were successively worshipped in Confucian temples.In particular,the practice of praising Zheng Xuan,Xu Shen and Zhao Qi,the three Eastern Han Confucians in the Qing dynasty,fundamentally changed the standard of solely worshipping Western Han Confucians in Confucian temples established in the ninth year of Jiajing(嘉靖)of the Ming dynasty.This is of great significance to the Han learning of the Qing dynasty.However,whether it was recognized by Zhu Xi,or whether it was helpful for Song Confucians to advocate righteousness,constituted a necessary condition for the Qing dynasty to consider whether Han Confucians could be enshrined in Confucian temples,and also constituted an important criterion for evaluating Han learning.The Qing dynasty showed an attitude of paying equal attention to Han learning and Song learning in official books such as the General Catalogue of the Imperial Sikuquanshu.When discussing the issue of the worship of Han Confucians in Confucian temples it highlighted the order concept of Song learning above Han learning.There are subtle differences in the official Han learning evaluation of the Qing dynasty in different contexts.