本雅明的“经验”概念及其现代性批判意蕴

Benjamin’s "Experience" Concept and Its Critical Implication of Modernity

经验问题是本雅明整个学术批评生涯聚焦的一个核心论题。在人类的传统经验与上帝的神圣真理辩证统一的整体性高度上,本雅明把经验视为传统社会人类认识外部世界和体悟上帝真理的交往方式,它以讲故事艺术为重要载体,表征着人与人、人与自然、人与上帝平等交流、完整统一的本原状态。在本雅明看来,资本主义现代性正是讲故事艺术消逝的真正主谋,它促使传统“经验”让位于现代“体验”,造成了人类整体性的经验世界变得支离破碎,致使人类整体堕入了经验贫乏的异化状态,而人类经验的贫乏无疑是现代性精神危机的本质体现。

The problem of experience is a core topic of Benjamin’s entire academic criticism career.On the overall level of the dialectical unity of traditional human experience and God’s sacred truth,Benjamin regards experience as a communication way for human beings in traditional society to understand the external world and realize the truth of God.It uses storytelling as an important carrier,which represents the original state of equal communication,integrity and unity between human beings,human beings and nature,and human beings and God.In Benjamin’s view,capitalist modernity is the true mastermind of the disappearance of storytelling art.It urges traditional experience to give way to modern"experience",causing the overall world of human experience to become fragmented,leading the fall of humanity into the alienation state with poor experience,and the lack of human experience is undoubtedly the essential manifestation of the spiritual crisis of modernity.