马克思博士论文中的个体自由思想探源

On the Thought of Individual Freedom in Marx’s Doctoral Thesis

马克思的博士论文以古希腊哲学家德谟克利特与伊壁鸠鲁二人的哲学为研究对象,聚焦于对他们的自然哲学展开比较研究,力图发现他们自然哲学中的一般差别和具体的细微差别。在论文中,马克思主要谈论的是抽象个别性的自我意识而不是类及类意识,并借此展开他的个体自由思想。大致说来,马克思的个体自由思想集中体现在他对偶然性、原子偏斜运动、时间和天体的论述中。

Marx’s Doctoral Dissertation takes the differences between Democritean natural philosophy and Epicurean natural philosophy as the research object,trying to prove the essential differences of these two natural philosophies through the nuances.In the thesis,Marx mainly talked about abstract individual self-consciousness rather than class and class consciousness,and used this to expand his individual freedom thought.Roughly speaking,Marx’s thoughts of individual freedom are embodied in his discussion of contingency,the declination of the atom from the straight line,time and the meteors.