论马克思主义的生命观

On Marx’s View of Life

马克思主义生命观的核心议题是关注生命的本质及其价值。马克思把人看作具体的、感性的存在物,人只有凭借现实的、感性的对象才能表现自己的生命,需要如同劳动一样体现着人的能力、个性以及自由发展的水平。探寻人的本质,只能“从现实的、有生命的个人本身出发”。马克思强调,属人世界是人自己创造的,个体的生命发展、丰富与完整,是社会实践的产物。生命价值在于消除异化劳动,完成人向人本身的复归,实现人的类本质与人的自然属性的统一和协调。

The core topic of Marx’s view of life concerns the nature of life and its value.Marx saw human beings as concrete,sensual beings who could only express their lives by virtue of real,sensual objects.Need,like labour,is the expression of man’s capacity,his personality and the level of his free development.The search for the essence of the human being can only"begin with the real,living individual itself".Marx emphasised that the human world is created by man himself,and that the development,enrichment and integrity of individual life is the product of social practice.The value of life lies in the elimination of alienated labour,the completion of the restoration of man to man himself,and the realization of the unity and harmonization of man’s class nature with man’s natural attributes.