敬服与畏怯:古滇国青铜器物中的蛇图像探究

Worship and Fear:Exploration of Snake Images in Bronze Artifacts of the Ancient Dian Kingdom

古滇国青铜器是中国古代青铜艺术的重要组成部分,有着独特的地域文化风貌。装饰在青铜器上的大量蛇图像是古滇国青铜匠人的艺术创造,他们用或平面或立体的装饰手法、或写实或抽象的造型语言,表现了蛇在古滇人观念中所扮演的多重角色:人们敬服它时,它是祭祀和战争中的守卫之神,是劳动和生育时的庇佑之神;人们畏惧它时,它所特有的“邪”性激发人们控制它的欲望,创造出“践蛇”“啖蛇”的图像。这些蛇图像还呈现了战国至西汉时期,西南边疆地区民族迁徙与融合的演进过程,体现了原生于滇池地区的古越文化与外来的楚文化、先羌文化、古僰文化等文化交融发展的历史痕迹,是中华民族共同体历史和中华文化多元一体格局的重要图像佐证。

As an essential part of ancient Chinese bronze art and a typical representative of the creative art of the ancient Dian kingdom, bronze ware has a unique regional cultural style. Many decorative snake images are the artistic creation of bronze craftsmen in the ancient Dian Kingdom, who used planar or three-dimensional cosmetic techniques in realistic or abstract modeling language to show the multiple roles of snakes in people’s mind. When worshiping, it is the god of sacrifice and war guards, also the god of labor and fertility protection. When fearing, its unique evilness can stimulate people’s desire to control with "stepping snake" and "eating snake" images. These snake images show the evolution process of ethnic migration and integration in the southwest frontier region from the Warring States Period to the Western Han Dynasty, as a piece of important image evidence on the history of the Chinese community and the diversified integration of Chinese culture.