“污染”的发明:中国环境治理话语生成的观念史考察

Inventing " Pollution" : The Generation of China’s Environmental Governance Discourse Ideas History

环境议题正在重新建构现代社会的价值观念和认同体系,基于环境保护话语的可持续发展、生态文明建设居于中国国家治理话语体系的核心位置。本研究从环境议题的源头即“环境污染”概念出发,通过观念史的研究路径对“环境保护-社会发展”这一逻辑进行梳理,运用历史语境的文本分析法,发现环境“污染”的“出场”实际伴随着中国社会观念的全面现代化转向,围绕“污染”是技术“废弃物”还是社会结构“缺陷”的争议宣认,运用科学知识和社会情感两种话语资源,生成了连接政治话语、科学话语、文化话语、伦理话语等丰富意涵的话语网络。这一基于中国本土实践的“观念-社会秩序”话语运行机制,发明了政府主导、社会多元主体协同行动的国家现代化制度理性。

Environmental issues are reconstructing the values and identity systemof mo dern society. Sustainable development and ecological civilization construction are the core of China’s governance system. This study based on the logic of "environmental protection-society development" to review the idea history of "environmental pollution", which is the key concept and also the origin of environmental issues. With the text analysis in the historical context method, it is found that the appearance of environmental "pollution" is actually accompanied by the overall modernization of China’s social concepts. The argument claims of whether "pollution" is a technological "waste" or a "defect" of social structure, using scientific knowledge and social emotion resources to generate a discourse network connecting political discourse, scientific discourse, cultural discourse, ethical discourse etc. This "concept-social order" discourse operation mechanism based on China’s local practice has invented the national modernization institutional rationality, which led by government and participated by multiple social communities.