公众对异种移植态度的问卷调查分析

A public attitude survey on organ xenotransplantation

目的调查分析公众对异种器官移植的态度及影响因素。方法2021年12月1日至2022年1月31日期间在线接收异种移植问卷调查的年龄≥18岁的成年人作为研究对象。异种移植调查问卷共46个单选题,包括受访者人物特征和量表两大部分。问卷发布在问卷星平台(https://www.wjx.cn)上,随机选取成人受访者,在线匿名填写。数据处理包括描述性分析、信度和效度检验、差异分析、相关分析等。结果2021年12月1日至2022年1月31日期间共获得有效问卷4414份,有效率100%。信度Cronbach's alpha系数为0.912,提示量表信度良好。根据探索性因子分析结果,量表划分成5个维度,即器官来源、决定、社会心理改变、感染风险和其他风险。如果猪器官能够被证实可行,且风险和预后与人体器官基本相同,65.4%受访者明确支持异种移植。受访者中,31~50岁、男性、出生/常住西部地区、受教育程度较高、非医疗机构从业人员、本人/家人/朋友已经做了或者正在等待器官移植、本人/伴侣支持器官捐献、未来可能有器官移植需求、曾与家人/朋友讨论过器官捐献或者器官移植话题、曾无偿献血、有志愿服务史、无神论者或信奉佛教/基督教者、听说过异种移植的受访者更倾向于支持异种移植。相关性分析提示,5个维度之间均两两相关。结论不同人群对异种移植态度有差别,但总体态度友好。受访者对异种器官移植相关风险特别是受者术后社会心理改变比较关切,相关研究需要加强。对待不同人群,应进行相应的分层教育。异种移植相关研究特别是临床研究的拓展、加大宣传力度、医务人员相关知识培训等措施有望提高这一新技术的支持率。

Objective To survey the public attitude towards xenotransplantation and examine its influencing factors.Methods A survey form with 46 multiple-choice questions is offered.It is composed of general profiles of respondent and scale.The questionnaire is distributed online through the platform of Wenjuanxing(https://www.wjx.cn).All adult respondents filled in anonymously online.Statistical processing included descriptive analysis,reliability and validity testing and variance and correlation analysis.Results A total of 4414 valid questionnaires are obtained between December 1,2021 and January 31,2022.Cronbach's alpha coefficient is 0.912 and the scale has decent reliability.Based upon the results of exploratory factor analysis,the items are grouped into five main factors,namely organ source,decision,psychosocial change,infection risk and other risks.If pig organs are proven feasible,the risks and prognosis are basically the same as human organs,65.4%of the respondents definitely supported xenotransplantation.Among the respondents,individuals aged 31~50 years,male,born or resident in Chinese western region,higher education,non-medical institution practitioners,self/family members/friends have done or awaiting organ transplantation,self/partners supporting organ donation,future needs for organ transplantation,previous discussion of organ donation or organ transplantation with family/friends,blood donation,volunteer social worker,atheist or Buddhist/Christianc and hearing about xenotransplantation are more inclined to support xenotransplantation.Correlation analysis showed significant correlations among five main factors.Conclusions Despite differences in attitudes towards xenotransplantation among different populations,overall attitude is favorable.Respondents are more concerned about their associated risks,especially psychosocial changes.The related researches should be stressed.And for different groups of people,corresponding stratified tutoring should be carried out.Strengthening clinical trials,heightening public attention and training medical staff are expected to further popularize this new technology.