韩国公寓更新中的居住形式与居民政治倾向关系研究——以江南区为例

A study on the relationship between residential forms and residents’ political tendency in South Korea’s apartment renewal:Taking Gangnam District as an example

韩国首尔江南区是富有中产阶层主要聚集区,是政府主导、公众参与的城市空间变化的典型。在韩国,房地产政策是韩国各党派政府维护执政合法性的主要手段,城市更新与公寓重建是提高房价的重要手段,并对不同社会阶层的居住和生活产生不同影响。公寓重建是韩国阶层、党派之间尖锐政治斗争的对象。首尔江南区住民基于自身阶级身份与利益组成利益共同体,参与推动或阻碍公寓重建的活动。每四年一度的国会议员选举中,江南区呈现按住房价格而选择政党的阶级投票的规律。江南区案例表明虽然政府主导了江南区的城市更新与公寓重建,但当重建侵犯到地区住民的利益时,住民社会驱动力随时出现,并以选票形式对其进行反向干预。因此韩国社会团体与政府的互动塑造了江南区特有的阶层分化与住房分布形式。

The Gangnam District of Seoul in South Korea is the main gathering area of the wealthy middle class and a typical case of urban transformation led by the government. In South Korea, the real estate policy is the main means to safeguard the legitimacy of the government of various parties, while urban renewal and apartment reconstruction are important means to increase housing prices, which have different impacts on the residence and life of different social classes. Thus, apartment reconstruction is one of the triggers for the political struggle between Korean classes and parties. The residents of Gangnam District form communities of interests based on their class status and interests, and participate in activities that promote or hinder the reconstruction of apartments. In the election of members of the National Assembly every four years, there is a class vote in Gangnam District that residents choose a party based on housing prices. The case shows that although the government dominates the apartment reconstruction of Gangnam District, when the redevelopment infringes on the interests of the residents, the political force of the residents appears, and it reversely interferes with housing policies in the form of votes. It is the interaction between Korean social groups and political parties that shaped the process of class differentiation and housing distribution in Gangnam District, Seoul.