茶叶中黄曲霉毒素的安全性风险研究进展

Advances on the security risk of aflatoxin in tea

茶叶是世界上最流行的饮品之一,因其独特的风味和对人体有益的健康功能为消费者所喜爱。茶叶在生长、采摘、加工、运输及储存过程中可能存在潜在的黄曲霉毒素污染,黄曲霉毒素是世界上已知毒性最大的真菌毒素,对人类健康存在极大威胁。黄曲霉毒素主要有4种常见的亚型,包括黄曲霉毒素B_(1)、B_(2)、G_(1)、G_(2)。其中黄曲霉毒素B_(1)是毒性最大的黄曲霉毒素,被国际癌症研究机构列为Ⅰ类致癌物。评估茶叶中是否存在黄曲霉毒素及其安全性风险具有重要意义。本文系统地综述了黄曲霉毒素的理化性质、致病机理,以及茶叶中可能产黄曲霉毒素的微生物和黄曲霉毒素在茶叶中的检出情况等,并探讨茶叶中黄曲霉毒素的潜在风险,为茶叶中黄曲霉毒素的风险评估与防控提供支持。

Tea is one of the most popular drinks all over the world,consumers are attracted by its unique flavor and beneficial health functions.Tea may be potentially contaminated with aflatoxin during the process of growth,harvest,production,transportation and storage.Aflatoxin is the most toxic mycotoxin known in the world and pose a great threat to human health.There are 4 kinds of common subtypes of aflatoxin,including aflatoxin B_(1),B_(2),G_(1) and G_(2).Aflatoxin B_(1) is the most toxic aflatoxin and is classified as a classⅠcarcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.It is important to evaluate whether aflatoxin exists in tea and its safety risk.This paper systematically summarized the physical and chemical properties and pathogenic mechanism of aflatoxin,possible aflatoxin-producing microorganisms as well as the status of aflatoxins detection in tea,and discussed the potential risks of aflatoxins in tea,so as to provide supports for the risk assessment and prevention of aflatoxin in tea.