青少年抑郁与自伤关系的追踪研究:亲子沟通的调节作用

A Follow-Up Study on the Relationship between Depression and Self-Injury in Adolescents: Moderating Effect of ParentAdolescent Communication

为考察青少年抑郁与自伤的双向关系及亲子沟通的调节效应,采用青少年自我伤害问卷、流动中心用抑郁量表和亲子沟通量表对595名初一学生进行为期10个月的追踪研究。结果发现,从初一到初二,抑郁呈增长趋势,且性别差异显著,而自伤的增长趋势不明显,但到初二后表现出了明显的性别差异;抑郁和自伤的同时性和继时性相关均显著;前测抑郁显著预测后测自伤,但前测自伤对后测抑郁的预测作用不明显;父子沟通和母子沟通均负向调节前测抑郁对后测自伤的预测。

Adolescence is a stage of life characterized by change and rapid development. Depression and self-injury are two common mental health problems in adolescence and has a major impact on the development of adolescence. According to existing empirical evidence and theories related to non-suicidal self-injury, there is a trend of development between depression and self-injury in adolescence, and there may be a two-way promotion relationship. This means that teenagers may fall into a vicious circle of depression and self-injury. For this reason, to explore the possible ways to break the vicious circle between depression and self-injury in adolescents, this study adopted a follow-up study design to investigate the two-way predictive relationship between adolescent depression and self-injury through cross-lagged regression analysis and brought parent-child communication as a moderator into the analysis of the mechanism of the relationship between depression and self-injury. The aim was to uncover the mechanism of mental health problems of Chinese adolescents and provide ideas for intervening and breaking the vicious circle of depression and self-injury in these adolescents.Participants as subjects for a follow-up survey for 10 months were 595 adolescents(50.59% girls;Mage = 12.17 years old) who had experienced self-injury in the first year and/or second year of junior high school. The first test was conducted in December 2018, using the Adolescent Self-injury Questionnaire and the floating Center Depression scale. The second test was conducted in October 2019, and the parent-child communication scale was added on the basis of the first test.Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and Mplus 8.0. The results showed that:(1) From the first year to the second year of junior high school,the depression of adolescents showed an increasing trend. The gender difference was significant, and the depression level of girls was higher than that of boys;While the growth trend of self-injury of adolescents was not obvious, whereas an obvious gender difference was shown after the second year of junior high school, and the level of self-injury of girls was higher than that of boys.(2) The simultaneous and successive correlations between depression and self-injury in adolescents were significant.(3) Pre-test depression in adolescents was a significant predictor of post-test self-injury.However, the predictive effect of pre-test self-injury on post-test depression was not obvious.(4) Both post-test father-child communication and posttest mother-child communication had a negative moderating effect between the level of pre-test depression and post-test self-injury in adolescents.In summary, from the perspective of development, this study confirms that depression in the first year of junior high school is a predictor of self-injury behavior in the second year, but only with lack of parent-child communication. This predictive effect is not significant with greater fatherchild communication and mother-child communication, suggesting that good parent-child communication significantly moderates the effect of prior depression on self-injurious behavior in adolescents. These results reveal the interaction mechanism between depression and self-injury in adolescents,expand and enhance the understanding of the development mechanism of psychological and behavioral problems in Chinese adolescents, which is of great significance for the formulation of targeted adolescent intervention measures.