外泌体在结直肠癌诊断及预后判断中的作用

Role of exosomes in the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer

随着饮食习惯的改变,结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)的发病率和死亡率不断攀升。实现对CRC的早期诊断及其预后的精准判断无疑可大幅度提高患者的临床综合疗效,进而提高患者生活质量并延长患者生存期,故深入研究CRC的诊断与预后具有重大价值。外泌体含有特定的表面分子及众多生物活性成分,并能在体内稳定存在,且参与介导肿瘤发生发展的多个过程,已逐步成为肿瘤研究热点。本文回顾了近年来外泌体及其miRNA、lncRNA、cirRNA和特异蛋白等在CRC发生发展和转移中作用机制的相关研究,介绍了外泌体的生物特性和其RNA、膜蛋白、内含蛋白等在CRC诊断及预后中的作用,旨在对当前相关研究机制进行归纳与总结,进而分析外泌体及其内容物等作为生物标志物在CRC诊断与预后判断中的作用,为今后本领域的相关研究提供新思路。

With changes in dietary habits, the morbidity and mortality rates of colorectal cancer(CRC) have been increasing. The early diagnosis of CRC and the accurate judgment of its prognosis can undoubtedly improve the comprehensive clinical efficacy of patients thus improving the quality of life and prolong the survival time of patients, so it is of great value to further research the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC.Exosomes contain specific surface molecules and numerous bioactive components, which are stable in vivo and involved in mediating multiple processes of tumor occurrence and progression, and have gradually become a major topic of oncology researches. This paper reviews the relevant studies on the role of exosomes and their miRNA, lncRNA, cirRNA and specific proteins in the occurrence, development and metastasis of CRC, and introduces the biological properties of exosomes and the role of RNA, membrane proteins and intrinsic proteins in diagnosis and prognosis of CRC, with the aim of summarizing the current research mechanisms and analyzing the role of exosomes and their contents as biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC, which was analyzed, and could provide new ideas for future researches in this field.