论中小学教育惩戒中的未成年人保护

On the Protection of Minors in the Educational Discipline of Elementary and Secondary Schools

中小学生主要是未成年人,教育惩戒既是未成年人保护的手段,也可能会对中小学生产生负面影响。《中小学教育惩戒规则(试行)》贯彻执行了未成年人保护制度:教育惩戒的必要性原则要求学校和教师裁量是否需要对违规违纪的学生进行教育惩戒以及采取何种教育惩戒措施,避免了学校和教师滥用惩戒权,损害学生权益的情形发生;建立分级分类惩戒的制度,避免了对违规违纪学生惩罚过轻或过重的问题;规定了常见的体罚和变相体罚的具体方式和合法教育惩戒措施,为判定体罚行为确定了标准;规定了禁止学业惩戒,防止学生因学习成绩不佳而受到惩戒。为了在教育惩戒中更好地贯彻未成年人保护制度,应当将教育惩戒的相关规定纳入教育法典,同时在教育惩戒过程中,注重考查学生是否戒除了违规违纪行为。

Primary and secondary school students are mainly minors. Educational discipline may have a negative impact on primary and secondary school students, and it is also a means of protecting minors. The Primary and Secondary School Educational Disciplinary Rules(Trial) implements the minor protection system: the principle of the necessity of educational punishment, allowing schools and teachers to decide whether or not to punish students who violate the rules and disciplines and what kind of educational disciplinary measures to adopt;The hierarchical and categorized punishment system avoids the problem of excessively light or excessive punishments for students who violate the rules and disciplines;Stipulates common corporal punishment and specific methods of disguised corporal punishment and legal educational punishment measures, which are determined for the determination of corporal punishment;Academic punishment is prohibited to prevent students were disciplined for poor academic performance. To better implement the juvenile protection system in education punishment, the relevant provisions of education punishment should be incorporated into the education code. At the same time, in the education punishment process, attention should be paid to checking whether students have renounced violations of regulations and disciplines.