全球化变局中的世贸组织改革:困境、分歧与前路

The WTO Reform in an Unstable World: Dilemma,Divergence and the Way Forward

近年来,国际经贸治理体系陷入新困境,这些困境包括经济影响力和制度影响力的错位、全球经贸治理规则落后于新型国际贸易模式的需求、双边贸易冲突加剧全球化裂痕等,对世界贸易组织进行适应性改革已在成员方内达成共识,其中制度型差异成为WTO改革的焦点问题。文章针对与中国利益特别相关的非市场经济地位、国有企业和补贴、发展中国家地位与特殊和差别待遇、电子商务议题以及争端解决机制等议题进行具体分析,提出在未来的世贸组织改革中,中国应坚定拥护WTO的核心地位,推广“多边平衡”贸易理念,在世贸组织内正式提出“新兴经济体”概念,强调解决“特殊和差别待遇”的执行问题,鼓励“探路者+实质性多数+开放性”谈判模式,寻求可能的议题突破点,最大限度为新兴经济体和发展中国家争取发展空间。

New challenges appears in international trade governance system recently. That siad,there is mismatch between economic influences and institutional influences,and global trade governance rules lag behind the new international trade models,and global cracks is exacerbated by bilateral trade conflicts. WTO members have reached consensus on the necessity to start the reform process of WTO. This paper makes a specific analysis on non-market economy status,SOEs and subsidies,developing country status and SDT,e-commerce,and DSU issues which are particularly relevant to China’s interests. Based on the analysis,this paper puts forward that China should support the core position of WTO,promote the trade conocept of mutilateral balance,put forward the idea of " emerging economies" officially in WTO,enhance the implementation of the special and differential treatment,and encourage the model of " pathfinder + substantial majority + openess",in order to maximizing the development space for emerging economies and developing countries.