近十年植物入侵生态学重要研究进展

Research advances of plant invasion ecology over the past 10 years

外来植物入侵对本地生物多样性、生态安全、社会经济发展和人类健康造成了严重威胁。因此,探究植物入侵机制及其生态效应对我国生态可持续发展具有重要意义,也是植物入侵生态学的主要研究内容。过去10年,生态学家开展了大量研究,取得了丰硕成果,为推动入侵植物防控与生物多样性保护提供了理论指导。为深入解析外来植物入侵机制,为其防控管理提供依据,本文从以下3个方面综述了植物入侵生态学重要进展:首先是外来植物生物学特性、生物和非生物环境对植物入侵的调控作用;其次是外来植物入侵对本地生态系统的影响;最后介绍了外来植物入侵的类比研究范式——本地植物入侵,以及多组学技术在入侵生态学研究中的应用。基于这些研究进展,本文展望了该领域的未来发展趋势,包括:(1)研究对象从单一物种扩展到多物种比较;(2)研究地理范围从局域尺度扩大到纬度梯度格局;(3)入侵机制从单一理论验证到综合阐释多个假说。

Background&Aims:Alien plant invasion has significantly threatened native biodiversity,ecological security,socio-economic development,and human health.Consequently,exploring the mechanisms of alien plant invasion and its ecological impacts are of great importance to the ecologically sustainable development of our country.Both questions are also key topics in the field of invasion ecology.Over the past decade,ecologists have conducted much research and achieved fruitful outcomes,providing theoretical guidance for the prevention and management of invasive alien plants and biodiversity conservation.Progresses:Based on domestic and international studies in this field over the past decade,the present article reviews the progress of plant invasion ecology,focusing on the following three aspects of the field.First,we present the roles of species characteristics,biotic and abiotic environments on alien plant invasion.Second,we review the impacts of alien plant invasion on native ecosystems.Third,we briefly introduce the term‘native plant invasion’as an analog to alien plant invasion,as well as applications of multi-omics technology in the area.Prospects:The review looks ahead to further developments in invasion ecology,including that(1)multiple species experiments rather than single species experiments are more suited to obtaining gerneralizable findings;(2)the geographical scale is increasing,such as from local scale to latitudinal gradient pattern;(3)more studies are integrating multiple invasion theories,rather than one hypothesis,into a unified framework.