生物文化多样性研究新进展

New progress in biocultural diversity studies

本文对生物文化多样性的概念、研究范畴和研究方法进行了介绍,对相关文献做了梳理,综述了生物文化多样性的研究进展,梳理了生物文化多样性未来可能的发展趋势,以期为今后相关的研究工作提供参考。文章内容重点涉及4个方面:生物多样性与文化多样性之间的复杂联系、传统知识在生物文化多样性保护中的作用、文化景观的载体功能和生物文化多样性的量化评估方法。已有的研究表明,差异化是生物多样性与文化多样性产生的共同前提,两者具有在空间上高度重叠、时间上协同进化、正向互动的特点。传统知识作为生物文化多样性的关键组成部分,对生态观的建立、生物资源管理、传统农业种质资源保护意义重大。文化景观作为生物文化的空间载体,承载着粮食安全、生物资源保护、文化传承和保障人类起居等重要功能。逐步完善量化评估方式,将有利于监测生物文化多样性现状并预测发展前景,用于指导保护行动。

Background&Aims:As the basis of maintaining nature and human society,biocultural diversity has been a broad topic of concern by many countries and international organizations.Because of its rich connotations,many studies on biocultural diversity have been conducted on different continents.Experiences and results from previous research will benefit efforts at conserving biodiversity and constructing eco-civilization.The aims of this review are to introduce the concept of biocultural diversity and research methods associated with it,summarize the progress of research on biocultural diversity,and to provide reference to its related fields.Progress:The concept,research methods and research findings of biocultural diversity are introduced in this article.Research progress on biocultural diversity is reviewed in the literature.Four major contents of biocultural diversity have been emphasized,including the complex relationship between biodiversity and cultural diversity,traditional knowledge significant to the conservation of biocultural diversity,the carrier function of cultural landscapes,and the quantitative assessment methods of biocultural diversity.Previous studies have shown that differentiation is the common premise for the formation of biodiversity and cultural diversity,whose characteristics include common spatial overlap,temporal co-evolution,and positive interaction.As a key component of biocultural diversity,traditional knowledge is of great significance in building ecological consciousness,managing biological resources and conserving traditional agricultural germplasm resources.As the spatial carrier of biological culture,cultural landscapes serve important functions for food security,biological resources conservation,cultural inheritance and human habitation.The improved assessment methods provide the ability to monitor and predict the status and prospect of biocultural diversity,which can be used to guide conservation actions.In summarizing past studies,this review assesses possible development trends of biocultural diversity.Prospects:Four topics within the field of biocultural diversity are proposed for future development:(1)Multidisciplinary comprehensive quantitative analysis and cross-cultural dynamic research should be applied in studies at different levels.(2)Develop research models that reveal the mechanism of interaction between biological and cultural diversity.(3)Study how the theory and method of biocultural diversity may be applied to guide agricultural production and other practical activities.(4)Study how biocultural diversity may contribute to work on ecosystem services,ecological compensation,and sustainable development.