黑龙江省乳品加工企业可持续发展能力影响因素研究

Influencing factors and evaluation of sustainable development ability of dairy processing enterprises in Heilongjiang Province

为提升黑龙江省乳品加工企业可持续发展能力,本研究首先基于可持续发展理论构建了黑龙江省乳品加工企业可持续发展能力评价指标体系,然后采用层次分析法分析黑龙江省乳品加工企业可持续发展能力的影响因素,最后采用TOPSIS法对黑龙江省4家乳品加工企业可持续发展能力进行评价。结果表明:在黑龙江省乳品加工企业可持续发展能力评价指标体系中,衡量经济可持续性最重要的指标是利润率,然后依次是总产值、主营业务收入和资产总额;衡量社会可持续性最重要的指标是公共事业投入,然后依次是法律法规遵守程度、纳税总额和就业人数;衡量技术可持续性最重要的指标是科研投入,然后依次是专利数、技术人员占总人员的比例和生产技术水平;衡量环境可持续性最重要的指标是环保投入率,然后依次是废水达标率、废气达标率和废渣达标率。从各级指标的排序综合来看,经济可持续性对黑龙江省乳品加工企业可持续发展能力的影响最大,技术可持续性和环境可持续性居中,社会可持续性最小。企业1的经济可持续性、社会可持续性和技术可持续性指标具有一定优势,但环境可持续性各项指标有待提升;企业2在就业人数和专利数方面较为突出,应对经济可持续性和环境可持续性指标加以重视;企业3的环境可持续性指标最为突出,在专利数方面表现最差,同时其经济可持续性、社会可持续性和技术可持续性指标均有待提升;企业4的各个指标均有待提升。综合来看,企业1的可持续发展能力最强,其次是企业2和企业3,企业4相对最弱。鉴于此,笔者提出了拓宽销售渠道,提升企业综合效益;注重技术创新,提高生产效率;加强绿色生产意识,明确企业发展模式;提高社会责任意识,加大公共事业投入力度的对策建议。

In order to improve the sustainable development ability of dairy processing enterprises in Heilongjiang Province,this study firstly constructed the evaluation index system of sustainable development ability of dairy processing enterprises in Heilongjiang Province based on sustainable development theory,and then analyzed the influencing factors of sustainable development ability of dairy processing industry in Heilongjiang Province by analytic hierarchy process.Finally,TOPSIS method was used to evaluate the sustainable development ability of four dairy processing enterprises in Heilongjiang Province.The results showed that in the evaluation index system of sustainable development ability of dairy processing enterprises in Heilongjiang Province,the most important index to measure economic sustainability was profit rate,followed by gross output value,main business income and total assets.The most important indicator for measuring social sustainability was public service investment,followed by the degree of compliance with laws and regulations,the total amount of tax paid and the number of people employed.The most important index to measure the sustainability of technology was the investment in scientific research,followed by the number of patents,the proportion of technical personnel in the total personnel and the level of production technology.The most important index to measure environmental sustainability was the environmental protection input rate,followed by the wastewater compliance rate,the exhaust gas compliance rate and the waste residue compliance rate.According to the ranking of indicators at all levels,economic sustainability had the greatest impact on the sustainable development ability of Heilongjiang dairy processing industry,technical sustainability and environmental sustainability were in the middle,and social sustainability was the least.The indicators of economic sustainability,social sustainability and technological sustainability of enterprise 1 had certain advantages,but the indicators of environmental sustainability need to be improved.Enterprise 2 was more prominent in terms of employment and patents,and should pay more attention to the indicators of economic sustainability and environmental sustainability.Enterprise 3 had the most outstanding environmental sustainability index and the worst performance in the number of patents,while its economic sustainability,social sustainability and technological sustainability indicators need to be improved.All indicators of Enterprise 4 need to be improved.Overall,enterprise 1 had the strongest sustainable development ability,followed by enterprise 2 and enterprise 3,and enterprise 4 was relatively the weakest.In view of this,countermeasures and suggestions were put forward in the paper:broadening the sales channels and enhancing the comprehensive benefits of enterprises,paying attention to technological innovation and improving production efficiency,strengthening the consciousness of green production,clearing enterprise development mode,improving the awareness of social responsibility and increasing the investment in public utilities.