封育管理措施对大兴安岭中段草地生产力的影响

Effects of enclosure management measures on grassland productivity in the middle of Greater Khingan Range

为了探究不同封育管理措施对大兴安岭中段草地生产力的影响,试验在大兴安岭中段选取3块样地(科右前旗、科右中旗和扎赉特旗),每块试验样地均设置4个处理,分别为自由放牧、围栏封育、围栏封育+有机肥和围栏封育+化肥,每个处理小区面积为25 m^(2),每个处理设置3个重复,于试验结束后,测定各样地不同处理的草地群落高度、植被盖度和地上生物量(草地鲜草产量和草地干草产量)。结果表明:围栏封育能够极显著提高科右前旗和科右中旗样地的草地群落高度(P<0.01),其中在科右中旗样地,在围栏封育的条件下施加化肥对提高草地群落高度效果最明显;但围栏封育对扎赉特旗样地草地群落高度的影响不显著(P>0.05)。围栏封育及在围栏封育条件下施加有机肥、化肥可提高科右前旗样地的草地植被盖度(P>0.05或P<0.05);而施加有机肥会降低科右中旗和扎赉特旗样地围栏封育地的草地植被盖度(P<0.01或P>0.05);围栏封育能极显著提高科右中旗样地的草地植被盖度(P<0.01),对扎赉特旗样地草地植被盖度的影响不显著(P>0.05)。围栏封育及在围栏封育条件下施加有机肥、化肥可显著或极显著提高科右前旗和科右中旗样地的草地鲜草产量(P<0.05或P<0.01);施加化肥能显著或极显著提高科右中旗和扎赉特旗样地围栏封育地的草地鲜草产量(P<0.05或P<0.01),但会显著降低科右前旗样地围栏封育地的草地鲜草产量(P<0.05);围栏封育对扎赉特旗样地草地鲜草产量的影响不显著(P>0.05)。围栏封育及在围栏封育条件下施加有机肥、化肥均可极显著提高科右前旗和科右中旗样地的草地干草产量(P<0.01);施加化肥可极显著提高科右中旗和扎赉特旗样地围栏封育地的草地干草产量(P<0.01),但会极显著降低科右前旗样地围栏封育地的草地干草产量(P<0.01);围栏封育对扎赉特旗样地草地鲜草产量的影响不显著(P>0.05)。说明不同封育管理措施对不同类型样地的草地生产力的影响不同,需根据不同类型草地生境特点制订不同的封育管理措施。

To explore the influence of different cultivating measures on grassland productivity in the middle of Greater Khingan Range,the test selected three pieces of sample area(Horqin Youyi Front Banner,Horqin Youyi Middle Banner and Jalaid Banner)in the middle of Greater Khingan Range,four processing,each test sample plots were set up respectively for grazing,fence enclosesure,fence enclosesure+chemical fertilizer,fence enclosesure+organic fertilize.The plot area of each treatment were 25 m^(2)and three replicates were set for each treatment.At the end of the experiment,the grassland community height,vegetation coverage,and aboveground biomass(fresh grass yield and hay yield)of different treatments in each site were measured.The results showed that fence enclosure could significantly increase the height of grassland community in Horqin Youyi Front Banner and Horqin Youyi Middle Banner(P<0.01).In Horqin Youyi Middle Banner,fertilizer application under fence enclosure had the most obvious effect on improving the height of grassland community.However,the effects of fence closure on grassland community height in Jalaid Banner was not significant(P>0.05).Fence enclosure and application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer under fence enclosure could improve grassland vegetation coverage of Horqin Youyi Front Banner(P>0.05 or P<0.05).The application of organic fertilizer reduced the grassland vegetation coverage of fenced land in Horqin Youyi Middle Banner and Jalaid Banner(P<0.01 or P>0.05).The fence enclosure could significantly improve the vegetation coverage of grassland in Horqin Youyi Middle Banner(P<0.01),but had no significant effect on the vegetation coverage of grassland in Jalaid Banner(P>0.05).Fence enclosure and application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer under fence enclosure significantly or extremely significantly increased fresh grass yield in Horqin Youyi Front Banner and Horqin Youyi Middle Banner(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The application of chemical fertilizer could significantly or extremely significantly increase the fresh grass yield of the fenced grassland in Horqin Youyi Middle Banner and Jalaid Banner(P<0.05 or P<0.01),but significantly reduce the fresh grass yield of the fenced grassland in Horqin Youyi Middle Banner(P<0.05).The effect of fence enclosure on fresh grass yield in Jalaid Banner was not significant(P>0.05).The fence enclosure and the application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer under the fence enclosure significantly increased the hay yield in Horqin Youyi Front Banner and Horqin Youyi Middle Banner(P<0.01).Fertilizer application significantly increased the hay yield of fenced land in Horqin Youyi Middle Banner and Jalaid Banner(P<0.01),but significantly reduced the hay yield of fenced land in Horqin Youyi Front Banner(P<0.01).The effect of fence closure on fresh grass yield in Jalaid Banner was not significant(P>0.05).In conclusion,different enclosure management measures had different effects on grassland productivity in different types of plots,and different enclosure management measures should be formulated according to the habitat characteristics of different types of grassland.