瑞雪苹果矮化密植栽培潜力分析

Potential Analysis of Dwarfing and Close Planting Cultivation of‘Ruixue’Apple

【目的】研究不同苹果品种(‘嘎拉’‘富士’‘瑞雪’)矮化密植的栽培表现,筛选适宜在陕西渭北地区进行矮化密植栽培的苹果品种。【方法】2015年采用矮化密植栽培模式,在田间定植‘嘎拉’‘富士’‘瑞雪’,2019-2020年连续2 a对其生长习性、果实品质、产量及经济效益等指标进行调查并比较。【结果】在植株生长方面,‘嘎拉’‘富士’较‘瑞雪’生长快、树势旺,‘瑞雪’短枝性强、矮化效果更好,更易于管理;在果实品质方面,‘瑞雪’综合品质最好,‘嘎拉’次之,‘富士’较差;在经济效益方面,‘嘎拉’‘富士’价格较低、供大于求,‘瑞雪’丰产性好、售价较高、市场竞争力强。【结论】苹果旱作矮化栽培模式在渭北旱塬地区表现良好,适宜推广应用。在旱作矮化栽培模式中,‘嘎拉’‘富士’表现稳定,可以继续作为主栽品种进行推广,‘瑞雪’营养生长矮化效果最好、品质最优、效益较高,建议进行大力推广。

The cultivation performance of dwarfing and close planting of different apple varieties including‘Gala’,‘Fuji’,‘Ruixue’were studied and the apple varieties suitable for dwarfing and close planting in Weibei area of Shaanxi Province were selected.‘Gala’,‘Fuji’and‘Ruixue’were planted in the field in 2015.The dwarf rootstocks with cultivation mode of wide row and narrow planting density were adopted.The growth habits,fruit quality,yield and economic benefits were investigated and compared in two consecutive years from 2019 to 2020.‘Gala’and‘Fuji’had faster growth and stronger tree vigor than‘Ruixue’,and‘Ruixue’had better dwarfing effect and was easier to manage.In fruit quality,‘Ruixue’was the best,‘Gala’was the next,and‘Fuji’was the worst.In economic benefits,‘Gala’and‘Fuji’s prices were lower and supply exceeded demand,while‘Ruixue’had good yield,high price and strong market competitiveness.The apple dwarfing cultivation mode is suitable for popularization and application in Weibei dryland area.In dry farming dwarfing cultivation mode,the performance‘Gala’and‘Fuji’is stable,which can be promoted as the main cultivars.‘Ruixue’had the best dwarfing effect and quality,the benefit is higher,which was recommended to be planted widely.