图片信息对数困生问题解决的影响:来自眼动的证据

The Effect of Picture Information on Problem Solving of Students with Mathematics Learning Disabilities:Evidence from the Eye Movement

为探讨图片信息对不同亚型数困生解决数学问题的影响,本研究采用眼动技术考察了小学五年级单纯型和混合型数困生与普通学生在解题上的差异,并对解题过程中产生的错误进行了错误分析。结果发现:(1)两类数困生解题得分显著低于普通学生,且在解决问题过程中出现的数字选择错误、操作失误错误、计算错误和总错误次数显著高于普通学生,两类数困生在解题得分以及6种错误类型和总错误次数上不存在显著差异,表明数困生数学问题解决能力较差;(2)有图片题目得分显著高于无图片题目,被试对有图片题目的总注视时间和注视次数显著少于无图片题目,且在无图片题目上的数字选择错误和遗漏步骤错误次数显著多于有图片题目,表明图片信息能够促进个体对题目的图式表征,通过促进学生问题解决的转换和解答计划阶段来加深对题目信息的加工,从而改善数困生的问题解决表现。

In order to explore the effect of picture information on different types of students with mathematical learning disabilities(MLD)in solving mathematical problems,the study investigated the differences in problem-solving performance between students with simple and mixed MLD and average students in the fifth grade using eye movement technology,and conducted an analysis of the errors in the problem solving process.The results showed that:1)the two types of MLD students scored significantly lower than the average students,and the number of errors in number selection,operation,computation and the total errors were significantly higher than the average students,indicating MLD students’lower ability in mathematical problem solving,but there was no significant difference between the two types of MLD students in their scores,the number of six error types and the total number of errors;2)students’scores in problems with pictures were significantly higher than those in problems without pictures,their total fixation time and fixation times on problems with pictures were significantly less than those on problems without pictures,and they made significantly more errors of number selection and more missing errors in problems without pictures than in problems with pictures,suggesting that picture information can promote individuals’schematic representations of problem and improve the problem solving performance of MLD students by facilitating their problem-solving translation and planning stages to deepen the processing of problem information.