HIV感染者对新型冠状病毒肺炎防治认知水平和接种新型冠状病毒疫苗意愿及影响因素的调查

Awareness towards COVID-19 prevention and factors related to the willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine among people living with HIV/AIDS

目的 了解人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)感染者的新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)防治相关认知水平、接种新型冠状病毒疫苗(简称新冠疫苗)的意愿及影响因素,为提高该人群疫苗接种意愿和接种率提供参考依据。方法 采用问卷调查的方法,于2021年6—12月对解放军总医院第五医学中心HIV门诊就诊的169例HIV感染者进行问卷调查,采用描述性分析、单因素分析及二元logistic回归模型分析HIV感染者对新冠肺炎防治认知情况、接种疫苗意愿及影响因素。结果 共169例HIV感染者参与调查,其中93.5%(158/169)的人会主动了解新冠肺炎的相关知识,88.2%(149/169)的人被提醒注射疫苗,98.8%(167/169)的人会远离中高风险地区,97.0%(164/169)的人会劝导他人按照防疫要求做,14.2%(24/169)的人认为宣传有夸大的成分,30.8%(52/169)的人对疫苗本身的安全性存在担心,80.5%(136/169)的人认为打完疫苗会觉得安心,98.2%(166/169)的人认为疫苗是抵抗新冠肺炎的有效方式,HIV感染者接种意愿为60.4%(102/169)。年龄和打完疫苗是否会觉得安心是影响新冠疫苗接种意愿的重要因素。结论 HIV感染者对接种新型冠状病毒疫苗持谨慎态度,疫苗接种率低于一般人群,应加大宣传科普,提高特殊人群的疫苗接种率。

Objective To understand the awareness level towards coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) prevention and the willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine among people living with HIV/AIDS, and to discuss the related factors. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among people living with HIV/AIDS who visited the HIV clinic in the PLA General Hospital from June to December 2021.A general descriptive analysis, univariate and binary logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze data. Results A total of 169 questionnaires were analyzed.Among them, 93.5%(158/169) would like to know more about COVID-19 related knowledge, 88.2%(149/169) were reminded to inject vaccine, 98.8%(167/169) would be far away from medium and high risk areas, 97.0%(164/169) would persuade others to follow the disease preventive requirements, 14.2%(24/169) thought that the propaganda was exaggerated, 30.8%(52/169) were worried about the safety of the vaccine, 80.5%(136/169) thought that they would feel relieved after the vaccination, and 98.2%(166/169) agreed that vaccination was the most effective way to fight against COVID-19. However, only 60.4%(102/169) were willing to receive COVID-19 vaccine.The major factors affecting vaccination intention were age and feeling safe after vaccination. Conclusions People living with HIV/AIDS are more cautious about COVID-19 vaccination, therefore the coverage rate is relatively low.It is necessary for health providers to understand the specific situation of people living with HIV, and to enhance the heath education on the safety of COVID-19 vaccine especially among people with HIV/AIDS in order to improve the willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine.