新型冠状病毒疫苗接种犹豫研究进展

Review on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy

新型冠状病毒疫苗(简称新冠疫苗)的接种对于新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)疫情在世界范围的防控具有很大作用。实现高水平的疫苗覆盖率是应对和减轻新冠肺炎大流行的必要措施,对健康卫生系统、老年护理系统以及社区等产生关键影响。然而在许多国家和地区,新冠疫苗的接种犹豫和接种排斥正成为人们放松疫情防控、恢复经济政策的重大障碍。新冠肺炎疫情暴发之前疫苗接种犹豫在全球范围内就已普遍存在,降低了疫苗接种的覆盖率和及时率,并成为2019年全球卫生10项威胁之一。新冠疫苗的接种犹豫和排斥的原因是复杂且多方面的。针对特定人群的疫苗接种犹豫和接种排斥原因进行有针对性的调整干预可能会提高疫苗的接种率。基于健康教育以及健康促进沟通的干预措施可有效解决疫苗的接种犹豫和排斥问题,主要包括以下几种措施:针对特定群体提高疫苗知识和预防意识,提高疫苗接种的可及性和便利性,将最新的疫苗研究知识和证据嵌入日常卫生实践和程序中,通过参与和沟通对话解决不信任问题并提高医疗保健机构的权威性。

COVID-19 vaccination is one of the most effective ways in the prevention and control of the pandemic worldwide.Achieving high levels of vaccine coverage is a key in minimizing the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on health systems, aged care systems, and communities.However, in many countries and regions, COVID-19 vaccine hesitation and rejection gradually become a huge hurdle for open-up the world again and for the recovery of the global economy.Vaccine hesitancy was already a growing concern worldwide even before COVID-19 pandemic, which significantly reduced the vaccine coverage and hindered the speed of vaccination.Therefore, it was listed as one of the top 10 threats to global health in 2019.The reasons for vaccine hesitancy and rejection remain complex and omnifarious.Targeted interventions tailored to vaccine hesitancy and refusal in specific populations may increase vaccine uptake.The communication-based interventions in health education and health promotion can effectively address the issues of vaccine hesitancy, such as raising vaccine knowledge and prevention awareness in specific populations, improving vaccine availability and accessibility, enforcing vaccination or implementing regulations to those unvaccinated, integrating the newest vaccine knowledge and evidence into routine health practices and procedures, addressing mistrust via dialogue and improving authority of healthcare providers and institutions.