中老年乳腺增生症患者临床病理特征及相关风险因素分析

Analysis of Clinicopathological Characteristics and Related Risk Factors in Middle-aged and Elderly Patients with Breast Hyperplasia

【目的】探讨中老年乳腺增生症患者临床病理特征及相关风险因素。【方法】回顾性分析2017年4月至2020年4月陕西省宁陕县医院收治的139例中老年乳腺增生症患者的临床资料(观察组),并选取同期于陕西省宁陕县医院体检健康的139例女性志愿者的临床资料(对照组)。收集两组基础资料[年龄、体重指数(BMI)、居住地区、民族、婚姻情况、纹胸佩戴时间、纹胸佩戴松紧程度、睡眠时间、哺乳方式、止乳方式、饮食习惯],分析乳腺增生症组患者病理特征,采用Logistic回归分析中老年乳腺增生症发生的危险因素。【结果】中老年乳腺增生症患者的病理特征表现为导管上皮增生、囊肿形成、小叶增生、大汗腺化生、纤维腺瘤形成、不典型增生。观察组年龄≥65岁、BMI≥25 kg/m^(2)、纹胸佩戴时间≥8 h、纹胸佩戴紧、睡眠时间<5 h、非母乳喂养、药物止乳患者占比高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥65岁、BMI≥25 kg/m^(2)、纹胸佩戴时间≥8 h、纹胸佩戴紧、睡眠时间<5 h、非母乳喂养、药物止乳为中老年腺增生症发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。【结论】中老年乳腺增生症的发生受多种因素的影响,包括年龄、BMI、纹胸佩戴时间、纹胸佩戴松紧程度、睡眠时间、哺乳方式、止乳方式,临床医师在此类患者的诊疗工作中应当对上述因素予以关注。

【Objective】Objective To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and related risk factors in middle-aged and elderly patients with breast hyperplasia.【Methods】The clinical data of 139 middle-aged and elderly patients with breast hyperplasia admitted to Ningshan County Hospital from April 2017 to April 2020(observation group)were retrospectively analyzed,and the clinical data of 139 healthy female volunteers in the same period(control group)were selected.The basic data[age,body mass index(BMI),residential area,nationality,marital status,wearing time,tightness,sleeping time,nursing method,breast stopping method,eating habits]of the two groups after admission were collected.The pathological characteristics of patients with breast hyperplasia were analyzed.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of breast hyperplasia in the middle-aged and elderly.【Results】The pathological features of middle aged and elderly patients with hyperplasia of mammary glands were duct epithelial hyperplasia,cyst formation,lobular hyperplasia,apocrine metaplasia,fibroadenoma formation and atypical hyperplasia.The proportion of patients with age≥65 years,BMI≥25 kg/m^(2),wearing time of tattooed chest≥8 h,wearing tight tattooed chest,sleeping time<5 h,non breast feeding and drug breast stopping in the observation group was higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that age≥65 years,BMI≥25 kg/m^(2),wearing time of tattooed chest≥8 hours,wearing tight tattooed chest,sleeping time<5 hours,non breast feeding,and drug breast stopping were the risk factors for adenosis in the middle-aged and elderly(P<0.05).【Conclusion】The occurrence of mammary hyperplasia in middle-aged and elderly patients is affected by many factors,including age,BMI,wearing time of tattooed chest,tightness of tattooed chest,sleeping time,lactation mode,and breast stopping mode.Clinicians should pay attention to the above factors in the diagnosis and treatment of such patients.