面向工业5.0的人本智造

Human-centric Smart Manufacturing for Industry 5.0

工业4.0是技术驱动型的工业模式,注重生产流程的优化、效率和生产力的提高,而忽视了“人”这一最重要的主体。因此,作为一种价值驱动型的新工业模式——工业5.0的概念逐渐引起人们的重视,将工业重心由技术转向对人身心健康的关怀、自然的可持续发展及工业的弹性等方面,而人机智能协作是走向未来以人为本的智能制造的关键。这种价值观的转变预示着人本智能制造会越来越受到重视,因而很有必要对如此新兴的智能制造模式开展详细研究,旨在为工业5.0理念下的人本智造发展提供有益的借鉴参考。为此,首先分析工业革命及制造范式的演化并指出目前制造模式存在的典型问题;然后给出工业5.0的定义,并分析其主要特征以及“人-社会-自然-技术”视角下与工业4.0的区别和联系;接着对工业5.0背景下人机交互方式及人机共生关系进行详细论述;最后探讨元宇宙背景下的人本智造演化及其面临的问题进行展望。

Industry 4.0 is a technology-driven industrial model that focuses on the optimization of production processes and the improvement of efficiency and productivity, while neglecting the most important subject of “human”. Therefore, the concept of Industry 5.0, a new value-driven industrial model, is gradually attracting attention, shifting the focus of industry from technology to the care of human physical and mental health, the sustainable development of nature and the resilience of industry, while as human-machine smart collaboration is the key to the future human-centric smart manufacturing. Such change in value indicates that human-centric smart manufacturing will receive more and more attention, so it is necessary to study such emerging smart manufacturing model in detail, aiming to provide useful reference for the future development of human-centric smart manufacturing.To this end, we first address the industrial revolution and the evolution of the manufacturing paradigm and point out the typical problems of the current manufacturing models;define Industry 5.0, and analyze its main features as well as its difference from and connection with Industry 4.0 in the perspective of “human-society-nature-technology”;then explain in detail the human-machine interaction and the human-machine symbiosis in Industry 5.0;and finally give prospects for human-centric smart manufacturing and its facing problems in the context of metaverse.