审讯范式转型:基于亲和关系的调查性询问模式

Paradigm Shift in Interrogation:Rapport-based Investigative Interviewing

基于亲和关系的调查性询问模式是一种以无罪推定为前提,以收集信息为目标,以证据检验为核心,以亲和关系为基础的非强制性的审讯技术体系。它以“讯问询问化”为实现路径,旨在强调审讯的最终目标是验证无罪推定的假设。系统准备、与犯罪嫌疑人建立亲和关系、提问开放式问题、反射性倾听、策略探查并出示潜在的证据等审讯技术,可以帮助审讯人员提出各种侦查假设,并以一种系统的方式加以验证。当前科技的进步和法治体系的健全,特别是间接证据证明效力的充分发挥,以及运用间接证据定案规则的明晰,为这种新型审讯技术提供了广阔的应用前景。

Rapport-based investigative interviewing is a non-coercive interrogation technique based on the presumption of innocence,the collection of information as the goal,the examination of evidence as the core,and the rapport as the foundation.It is achieved by the way of interviewing instead of interrogation and emphasizes that the ultimate purpose of the interrogation is to verify the presumption of innocence.Interrogators can generate and actively test alternative investigative hypotheses systematically through systematic preparation,building and maintaining rapport with suspects,open questions,reflexive listening,strategic exploration,and disclosure of potential evidence.The progress of science and technology and the perfection of legal system,especially the full play of the effectiveness of indirect evidence and the clarity of the rules of using indirect evidence to prove a case,provide a broad application potential for this new interrogation technique.