南极保护区制度会否创设新的历史性权利--基于对南极领土主权问题的思考

Could the System of Antarctic Protected Areas Create New Historic Rights--A Perspective from the Issue of Territorial Sovereignty in Antarctica

在南极条约体系内,那些有约束力的措施反复申明南极领土主权问题的原则和规则,以此保护有关国家所坚称的历史性权利。作为对全球气候变化议题的回应,根据《马德里议定书》及其附件五及有关指南建立起来的南极保护区制度变得愈加重要,但南极领土主权声索国和准声索国争相指定南极保护区的行为,凸显这一制度的根本性缺陷及其可能创设的新的历史性权利。面对如此复杂情势,中国需酌情提出南极保护区制度的改革方案,限制或削弱其可能创设的历史性权利对南极领土主权问题的复加性影响,切实保障中国在这一制度下的权利和利益。

Within the Antarctic Treaty System,the binding measures has frequently confirmed the principles and rules for the critical issues of territorial sovereignty in Antarctica so as to protect the historic rights asserted by various countries.Having been a response to global climate change,the legal system of the Antarctic Protected Areas established under the Madrid Protocol and its annex V has become increasingly important.However,the claiming and quasi-claiming countries have been designating the Antarctic Protected Areas.This situation highlights the fundamental problems of this system and the possibility of creating new historic rights.Facing such a complicated situation,China can propose a reform to this legal system of the Antarctic Protected Areas.The reform can be designed to weaken and limit the possibility of creating the historic rights on the issue of territorial sovereignty in Antarctica and manage its negative impacts so as to practically protect China’s own rights and interests under this system.