“基于科学的企业”主导逻辑研究--以同方威视为例

Research on the dominant logic of"science-based firms"--A case study of NUCTECH

近年来,随着我国对于实现关键领域核心技术自主研发的需求愈加迫切,“基于科学的企业”也愈加受到关注。本文采用探索性单案例研究的方法,对中国情境下高校/研究机构衍生出来的“基于科学的企业”的创新发展主导逻辑进行了深入的研究和分析。研究发现:在中国情境下,这类企业存在双主导逻辑并存的现象,分别为“差异化需求归因”和“技术机会归因”逻辑,并且发现虽然在不同的阶段两种主导逻辑一以贯之,但内部结构和作用机制是不断动态演化的,因此本文进一步对不同阶段主导逻辑的形成演化机制进行了揭示。另外,本文还提出“双主导逻辑能够降低‘基于科学的企业’发展过程中带来的不确定性”“中国情境下‘基于科学的企业’主导逻辑演化的独特性”以及“不同阶段主导逻辑对企业‘基于科学’的内涵和方式具有差异化影响”三个方面的论点并分别进行了深入讨论。本研究结论能够对“基于科学的企业”相关理论和实践提供重要参考。

In recent years,as the realization of independent research and development of core technologies in key fields is becoming more and more urgent and important for China,"science-based firm(SBF)"has attracted more and more attention.SBF refers to an enterprise that is closely related to basic science,participating in basic scientific research,and obtaining commercial returns through the transformation of basic research results.Unlike the general high-tech enterprises,SBF often show certain particularities in the identity of the founder,the nature and source of core technologies and so on,which make the growth and development process of such enterprises quite different from ordinary enterprises.From the perspective of the identity of the founder,the original team(or scientists)of basic research and development is(are)always deeply involved in the commercialization of scientific and technological achievements and the process of enterprise establishment.The role,positioning and conceptual understanding of scientific research institutions of the original team(scientists)in the process of technology transfer seriously affect the choice in the commercialization process.In terms of technical characteristics,the technologies that SBF focus on are often in the early stage of the technology cycle,and the technological opportunities are very short-lived,which need to be quickly caught up through cooperation or other means and so on.In the meanwhile,due to these particularities,SBFs have to face greater uncertainty in the process of growth and development.In order to cope with this high uncertainty,enterprises often adopt a series of corresponding organizational arrangements and management practice,such as paying more attention to the construction of relationships with universities and public research institutions in order to improve the technological ability and acquire knowledge from them.Hence,SBFs are usually different from general enterprises in terms of management cognition,organizational practice arrangements and so on.Therefore,it can be seen that it is necessary to conduct specialized research on such enterprises.However,in existing theories,the understanding of this kind of SBF especially in the context of China are still greatly insufficient.In addition,in the context of China which has latecomer′s disadvantage,as an important carrier with"scientific genes",university-derived enterprises are an important force to develop into high-quality sustainable development of SBF.However,most of the existing theories are aiming at the general development progress of this type of enterprises,which is lack of comprehensive and in-depth disclosure of how this type of enterprise becomes a sustainable SBF.Above all,this research mainly focuses on the following questions:first,what is the dominant logic behind the innovation and development process of SBF in the context of China;Secondly,whether the dominant logic of an enterprise has the characteristics of rigidity or dynamism and its internal mechanism;Thirdly,the influence mechanism of dominant logic on the innovation,the development strategy and the behavior of enterprises.Based on a longitudinal case study of a SBF(NUCTECH)which is a university spin off in the context of China,this paper explored the dominant logic of innovation development.The findings show that there is a phenomenon of dual-dominant logic coexisting in such firms,which are the logic of"differentiated demand attribution"and technological opportunity attribution".And through the analysis of different stages,it is found that although the two dominant logics are consistent at different stages,the structure and internal mechanism of the dual dominant logic influencing on the enterprises are evolving dynamically,so this paper also reveals the formation and evolution mechanism of dominant logic in different stages.In addition,this paper also puts forward the opinion that the dual-dominant logic can reduce the uncertainty brought by the development of SBF,the uniqueness of the evolution of SBF dominant logic in the Chinese context,and the dominant logic of different stages has a differentiated impact on the way and connotation of SBF,of which are all further discussed respectively.The conclusion of this paper can provide important reference for the theory and practice of SBF.