财产犯罪法益研究的困境及其克服

Dilemma and Solution of Legal Interest of Property Crime

财产犯罪法益研究始终面临着扩大与限制处罚的二律背反难题,也既要尽可能地适应现代社会变迁的需要,避免处罚漏洞,配合社会发展,又要合理限定处罚范围,避免刑法过度运用。面临财产犯罪法益研究的范式化困境,以及司法实践中财产犯罪法益保护范围扩大的需求,准确定位财产犯罪法益冲突的本质,发挥法秩序统一原则的锚定效应,采取刑法相对从属说,有利于克服扩大与限制处罚的二律背反难题。实践层面,应采取双层次的财产犯罪保护法益模式,财产犯罪该当性中法益的范围既包括本权(法律的财产),又包括占有(经济的财产),以期实现财产犯罪保护的入罪化。而违法性判断上为了维持法秩序的统一,适当限缩被占有(经济的财产)说扩大的处罚范围,应采取本权(法律的财产)说进行出罪化。以非法财产为侵害对象不影响财产犯罪的成立,权利行使行为原则排除成立财产犯罪。

The research on legal interests of property crime has always faced the dilemma of expanding and restricting punishment.It is necessary to adapt as much as possible to the needs of changes in modern society,to avoid loopholes in punishment to cooperate with social development,and to limit the scope of punishment to avoid excessive use of criminal law.Faced with the dilemma of the paradigm of property crime legal interest research and the need of expanding the scope of property crime legal interest protection in judicial practice.Accurately locating the nature of the conflict of legal interests in property crime,giving play to the anchoring effect of the principle of unification of legal order,and adopting the theory of relative subordination of criminal law is conducive to overcoming the dilemma of expanding and restricting punishment.At the practical application level,a two-level property crime protection legal interest model should be adopted.The scope of legal interest in property crime should include not only the property of the right(law),but also the property of possession(economics),in order to realize the criminalization of property crime protection.In the judgment of illegality,in order to maintain the unity of legal order and appropriately restrict the scope of punishment expanded by the occupied(economic)property theory,the property of the right(law)theory should be adopted to criminalize.Taking illegal property as the object of infringement does not affect the establishment of a property crime,and the the exercise of rights does not constitute a property crime.