科研评价权的理论阐释及体系建构

Theoretical Exposition and Systematic Construction of Power in Evaluation of Scientific Research

科研评价遵循“竞争—承认—分配”的运行逻辑,是实现科研自主的制度保障。随着知识生产方式的转型,科研评价已由传统科研成果和重大发现的优先权评判向科技资源配置和项目管理的技术工具评判转变。由此,科研评价权实现了从以学术创新为使命的科研权利到以科研绩效为宗旨的科研权力的演变。在我国,科研评价权是科研人员的自主权利,也是科学共同体专业权力及政府机关行政权力相互博弈之结果。现行的科研评价凌驾并规训科学研究进程,有侵犯科研人员自主权之虞,故科研评价权的法治化运行既应明确评价主体的角色定位、类型化评价行为、拓补评价责任等内在体系,也要强化科研评价制度的民主性与胜任力、完善评价理由说明、健全科研人员权利救济等外在体系,最终实现由管理性评价向回应性评价的转型升级。

The operation logic of"competition-recognition-distribution"for research evaluation consist the institutional safeguard for the realization of research autonomy.Research evaluation used to focus on the priority evaluation of traditional research achievements and great findings.With the transformation of knowledge production methods,research evaluation has now become the technical tools of technological resource allocation and project management.As a result,the research evaluation right has evolved into a research power focusing on the performance,rather than just a right with the mission of innovation.Currently,our research evaluation system overrides and disciplines the research process,which threatens to impact the autonomy of researchers.It is the result of the game among the autonomy of researchers,the professional power of scientific community and the administrative power of government agencies.The legalized operation of research evaluation rights should pay attention to both the internal and external mechanism.Internally,the operation mechanism should clarify the role of evaluation subjects,categorize different evaluation behaviors,and expand the evaluation responsibilities.Externally,the mechanism should strengthen its democratic competence,improve the evaluation explanation,and amplify the right to relief of researchers.