论上诉机构存废背景下的WTO争端解决机制改革

On Reform of WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism in the Background of Existence and Abolition of Appellate Body

基于WTO上诉机构的存废之争,WTO争端解决机制改革主张有改良派、革命派和扬弃派之分。改良派主张保留并改良上诉机制,提出改良上诉机构机制、构建上诉仲裁机制以及建立“超大型的诸边争端解决机制”等方案;革命派主张废除上诉机制,把WTO争端解决机制由“两审终审制”改为“一审终审制”,并把专家组由临时性改为常设性。这两派主张虽各有其合理之处,但都存在一定的局限性。相形之下,扬弃派遵循WTO争端解决机制发展的客观规律,对改良派和革命派的主张进行扬弃,在不同阶段提出和选择不同改革方案的主张更具全面性、前瞻性、灵活性、全局性和可行性,更符合中国利益和WTO成员的共同利益及人类命运共同体理念。为了推动WTO争端解决机制的发展尽早进入下一阶段,中国需要推动专家组机制的改革和吸引更多成员加入《多方临时上诉仲裁安排》。

There is now a controversy over whether to preserve or abolish the Appellate Body.To discuss the WTO dispute settlement mechanism(DSM)reform under this background,the groups of reform can be divided into three groups,i.e.,the Group of Improvement(GOI),the Group of Revolution(GOR)and the Group of Sublation(GOS).The GOI advocates retaining and improving the appeal mechanism,and puts forward improvement schemes such as improving the appeal mechanism based on the Appllate Body,constructing the appeal arbitration mechanism,and establishing a"mega-plurilateral dispute settlement mechanism".The GOR does not think so,and advocates abolishing the appeal mechanism so as to change the WTO DSM from a two-tiered system to a system of the first instance being the final,and changing the ad hoc panels to a standing panel.There are limitations with regard to the propositions of both groups even though they sound reasonable.The reform should adopt the propositions of the GOS,i.e.,follow the objective laws of the development of the WTO DSM,sublate the propositions of the GOI and the GOR,so as to put forward and choose different reform schemes at different stages.Compared with propositions of the GOI and the GOR,the propositions of the GOS have more advantages because they are more comprehensive,forward-looking,flexible,big-picture-orientedand feasible,more in line with China’s interests and the common interests of WTO members,and in line with the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind.In order to promote the development of the WTO DSM into the next stage,China needs to promote the reform of the panel mechanism and attract more members to join the Multiparty Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement.