行政法总则的立法技术

Legislative Technique of General Principles of Administrative Law

行政法法典化是行政法体系化与国家治理现代化的必然要求,而制定行政法总则是近期可以实现且可行性较高的立法目标。行政法总则的制定很大程度上依赖抽象技术的运用。概念的抽象程度越高,就越能够保持行政法体系的开放性与前瞻性。整体而言,行政法总则的立法技术主要包括“提取公因式”“提炼学理共识”与“体系补全”,三者共同促进行政法总则的体系化。从总则与分则的关系角度考察,通过“提取公因式”这一立法技术能够将行政法制度的共性与一般性内容提炼形成基础性规范;通过“提炼学理共识”这一立法技术能够将行政法理论与实践中的学术共识提炼形成共识性规范;通过“体系补全”这一立法技术能够将行政法治实践中的理念与制度提炼形成拾遗性规范。

The codification of administrative law is an inevitable requirement for the systematization of administrative law and the modernization of national governance.The formulation of general principles of administrative law is a near-term achievable and feasible legislative goal.The formulation of the general principles of administrative law deeply relies on the use of abstract technology.The higher the abstraction of concepts,the more open and forward-looking the legal system of administrative law can be.On the whole,the legislative techniques of the general principles of administrative law mainly include“extraction of axiomatic formula”,“condensing academic consensus”and“system complement”,which jointly promote the systematization of the General Principles of Administrative Law.From the perspective of the relationship between the general provisions and specific ones,through the legislative technique of“extraction of axiomatic formula”,the common and general contents of the administrative law system can be refined into basic norms.Through the legislative technique of“condensing academic consensus”,academic consensus in administrative law theory and practice can be refined to form consensus norms.Through the legislative technology of“system complement”,the concepts and systems in the practice of administrative rule of law can be refined into residual norms.