个性化推荐、公共性贬损与数字新闻市场反垄断

Personalized Recommendation, Public Derogation and Antitrust Measures over Market for News in a Digital Age

新闻具有市场与意识形态的双重属性,新闻市场反垄断的特殊性是以新闻公共性为构造基础的。当个性化推荐成为数字新闻分发的主要方式时,传统新闻业中以质量竞争为主的竞争模式、以广告直接补贴为主的商业模式便难以维系,而以流量为导向的生产方式带来了同质化的新闻传播,使新闻公共性备受贬损。个性化新闻推荐背负了技术垄断文化之名,受到了各方的批判。数字新闻市场的反垄断要保持其时代适应性,需先建构一个更加面向新闻公共性修复与提升的社会性规制体系,进而以此为基础来完成“管制与反垄断法并用”的二元规制理念的更新,并以管制为手段来保障公共新闻的供给,以竞争来促进新闻质量的提升,同时对一些相关法律制度进行必要的供给与调整。

News has the dual attributes of market and ideology.The particularity of journalism market anti-monopoly is rooted in the publicity nature of news.When personalized recommendation becomes the main method of digital news distribution,the traditional journalism industry’s competition model based on quality competition and the business model based on direct advertising subsidies are difficult to maintain,and the data traffic-oriented production method brings about homogeneity,and the publicity of news has been derogated.Personalized news recommendation is criticized by all parties because it leads to technology monopoly culture.In order to maintain its adaptability to the times,the anti-monopoly of the digital journalism market should first construct a social regulation system that is more oriented towards the restoration and improvement of news publicity,and then complete the update of the dual regulation concept based on this.While ensuring the supply of public news by means of regulation,journalism quality should be promoted by means of competition.Then some relevant legal systems are required to be supplied and adjusted.