基于跨理论模型的康复指导对长期住院精神分裂症患者糖脂代谢、认知及社会功能的影响

Effects of rehabilitation nursing based on cross theoretical model on the glucose and lipid metabolism,cognitive function and social function of long-term inpatients with schizophrenia

目的分析基于跨理论模型的康复护理对长期住院精神分裂症患者的糖脂代谢、认知功能及社会功能的影响。方法2020年1月至2021年1月,选取120例接受治疗的精神分裂症患者作为研究对象,随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组60例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组在对照组的基础上,给予基于跨理论模型的康复护理。护理6个月后,分析2组的餐后2 h血糖(2hPBG)、空腹血糖(PBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、认知功能、简明精神病评定量表(思维障碍、焦虑抑郁、激活性)及社会功能(生活能力、社交能力、关心与兴趣)的差异。结果干预前,2组的血糖、血脂、认知功能评分、思维障碍评分、焦虑抑郁评分、社会功能评分水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,2组的2hPBG、PBG、HbA1c、TG水平均降低,且观察组显著低于对照组,而2组的TC水平均升高,且观察组明显高于对照组,差均异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,2组的认知功能评分均升高,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,2组思维障碍、焦虑抑郁评分、激活性评分均降低,且观察组明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,2组的关心与兴趣、社交能力及生活能力评分均降低,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,观察组的治疗依从性明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于跨理论模型的康复护理对长期住院精神分裂症患者的护理效果显著,可明显改善患者的血糖、血脂水平,提高认知及社会功能,在临床护理中值得推广。

Objective To investigate the effects of rehabilitation nursing based on cross theoretical model on the glucose and lipid metabolism,cognitive function and social function of long-term inpatients with schizophrenia.Methods A total of 120 patients with schizophrenia who were treated in our hospital from January 2020 to January 2021 were enrolled in the study,who were randomly divided into control group and observation group,with 60 cases in each group.The patients in control group were treated by routine nursing,however,those in observation group,on the basis of control group,were treated by rehabilitation nursing based on cross theoretical model.After 6-month nursing,the levels of blood glucose(2hPBG),fasting blood glucose(PBG),HbA1c,TG,TC,and cognitive function and social function were observed and compared between the two groups.Results Before intervention,there were no significant differences in blood glucose and blood lipid levels,and the cognitive function score,anxiety and depression score as well as social function score between the two groups(P>0.05).After intervention,the levels of 2hPBG,PBG,HbA1c and TG in both groups were decreased,but,the TC levels were increased,moreover,the decrease degree and increase degree in observation group were more significant than those in control group(P<0.05).After intervention,the cognitive function scores in both groups were increased,moreover,which in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05).After intervention,the scores of thinking disturbance,anxiety and depression,and the scores of care and interest,social ability and life ability in both groups were decreased,moreover,which in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group(P<0.05).In addition,the treatment compliance in observation group was superior to that in control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The effects of rehabilitation nursing based on cross theoretical model on long-term hospitalized patients with schizophrenia are significant,which can significantly improve the blood glucose and blood lipid levels of patients,improve cognitive and social function,therefore,it is worthy of promotion in clinical practice.