慢性精神分裂症患者营养状态的影响因素分析

Analysis of factors influencing nutritional status of patients with chronic schizophrenia

目的采用专业的营养状态评估量表对慢性精神分裂症患者的营养状态进行评价,并分析其影响因素。方法399例住院慢性精神分裂症患者,运用简易微型营养评估量表(MNA-SF)对患者营养状态进行评价,然后采用护士用住院病人观察量表(NOSIE)和阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)对患者的精神疾病严重程度进行评估,并运用单因素以及多因素Logistic回归分析方法分析患者营养状态的影响因素。结果经过MNA-SF评估,399例患者中,32例营养不良(营养不良组),占8.02%;367例营养正常(营养正常组),占91.98%。经单因素分析,两组病程、住院时间、体质量指数(BMI)、PANSS评分、NOSIE评分比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组年龄、性别、文化程度、居住地、家庭年收入、服药时间、联合用药情况、家族史、药物类型、活动情况比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:PANSS评分、NOSIE评分、住院时间、病程以及BMI是慢性精神分裂症患者营养状态的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论营养不良在慢性精神分裂症患者中具有较高的发生率,其影响因素有很多,包括疾病症状严重程度、住院时间、病程以及BMI等,应该多加关注,为今后临床护理工作提供依据,有助于促进患者的康复。

Objective To evaluate the nutritional status of patients with chronic schizophrenia by professional nutritional status assessment scale and analyze its influencing factors.Methods A total of 399 inpatients with chronic schizophrenia were selected as the research subjects;mini nutritional assessmentshort-form(MNA-SF)was used to assess the nutrition status;Nurses'Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation(NOSIE)and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS)were used to assess patients'psychiatric severity;univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of nutritional status of patients.Results According to MNA-SF evaluation,32 of 399 patients were malnourished(as malnutrition group),accounting for 8.02%;367 cases had normal nutrition(as normal nutrition group),accounting for 91.98%.By univariate analysis,the differences in course of disease,length of hospital stay,body mass index(BMI),PANSS score,and NOSIE score were statistically significant between the two groups(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of age,gender,education,place of residence,annual household income,medication time,combined medication,family history,type of medication,and activity(P>0.05).Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis showed that PANSS score,NOSIE score,length of hospital stay,course of disease,and BMI were factors influencing the nutritional status of patients with chronic schizophrenia(P<0.05).Conclusion Malnutrition has a high incidence in patients with chronic schizophrenia.There are many influencing factors,including severity of disease symptoms,length of hospital stay,course of disease,and BMI.More attention should be paid to provide a basis for future clinical nursing work and help promote patient's recovery.