近代女性科普中的“卫生”叙述——以《女子世界》和《妇女杂志》为例

The Hygienic Narrative in Science Popularization for Modern Women:A Discussion on Women’s World and Women’s Magazine

关于卫生知识的叙述和普及是近代中国“科学”精神发展成熟的一个典型事件。但清末针对女性的“卫生”论述兴起之时,并没有与常见的“医疗”连用,甚至不属于独立的“科学”范畴,而是更多与“家政”等领域紧密相关。民国之后,这样的女性科普叙述随着职业女性的出现进一步做出了调整。本文以《女子世界》和《妇女杂志》为中心,发现晚清到民国时期对于女性的“卫生”科普背后,是中西知识谱系的分化和塑形。“卫生”叙述不仅规定了女性应用相关知识的场域,也参与构建了女性的社会和家庭角色。“卫生”叙述上升为话语机制后,又通过对女性身体和审美的“塑造”转化成一种“治理”的技术。

The narration and popularization of hygienic knowledge is a typical event in the development and maturity of the scientific spirit in modern China. However, when the hygienic narrative on women emerged in the late Qing Dynasty, it was not used in conjunction with Medicine, not even belong to the independent Science category. It was more closely related to housekeeping. Further adjustments of the hygienic narrative were made with the emergence of professional women in the Republic of China. This paper focuses on Women’s World and Women’s Magazine, finding that behind the popularization of hygienic knowledge for women from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, there is the differentiation and shaping of the Chinese and Western knowledge pedigrees. The hygienic narrative not only stipulates the field for women to apply relevant knowledge, but also participates in the construction of women’s social and family roles. After the hygienic narrative has been elevated to a discourse mechanism, it then transforms into a governmental technique by shaping the female body and gender aesthetics.