时间与他者:对早期列维纳斯时间观的一次考察

Time and the Other:An Investigation of Early Levinas’s Thought of Time

文章以早期列维纳斯讨论时间的三部主要著作《论逃离》《从存在到存在者》《时间与他者》作为主要研究对象,讨论列维纳斯的时间论述的基本逻辑,旨在呈现列维纳斯对时间与他者关系的思考。从中可以看出,在列维纳斯这里,存在本身并没有时间性。主体负担起其存在的“瞬间”,而主体所标画的现在仅仅是割裂的现在,还不是时间;死亡所揭示的将来也还只是时间的要素。真正的时间发端于主体超越存在,并在超越的同时保存自身存在的事件中,即主体与他人的相遇。时间就是主体和他人的关系。借由对时间的意义的颠覆,列维纳斯突破了以往的存在论的局限,指出主体必须出离存在、面对他人才能开展时间,这意味着时间不再是先验意识的结构,而是对他人的开放。文章亦对列维纳斯时间论述的逻辑合法性及其前提预设进行了分析。

Levinas argues that there is no time within the solitude of existing.The instant when the subject burdened with itself is an atomic present,not yet time.The future which is revealed by death is also merely an element of time.The movement of temporalization begins in the event of the preservation of the ego in transcendence,which is defined by Levinas“the encounter with the Other.”Therefore,time is no longer the internal time-consciousness,but the openness to the Other.In this article,by investigating Levinas’early works On Escape,Existence and Existents and Time and the Other,we try to clarify the basic logic of Levinas’s discourse on time and discuss the presuppositions behind it.