从博物馆学理论谈日常实物学习的新模式构建

The New Normal Mode of Object-Based Learning from the Perspective of Museological Theory

当前对物质文化的重视和转向,成为人文学术研究一个富有思想冲击力的新议题。面对“由教到学”观念转向下倡导学习的本质需求,以及反数字化“殖民”和快节奏学习盛行的时代需求,依托实物进行“粗放”学习适逢其时。虽然实物学习与符号学习同属于人类间接学习的两种行为,但相较于常态化的符号学习,实物学习模式尚未得到强化和构建。而两者在信息特点、载体属性和实现手段上均存在根本差异,亟需构建一套实物学习新模式。有鉴于博物馆学本质上探讨的是人类基于实物学习的科学,故引入博物馆学并在其启发下首先将普通物变成学习媒介物,然后依托学习媒介物设计出“审美型、情境型、过程型和仓储型”四种实物学习模式。传统的物质文化研究旨在复原物质客体及主体所赋予其的旧有意义,而探讨博物馆学对于日常实物学习新模式的启发和构建,对物在当下语境中的活化利用研究将产生突破性意义。

Currently the emphasis on and inclination to material culture has become a new topic with ideological impact in the field of academic research on humanities.In view of the essential demand of advocating learning under the conceptual transformation of“from education to learning,”as well as anti-digital“colonization,”and the demand of the era with prevalent fast-paced learning,the extensive learning based on the objects comes at a good time.Although both object-based learning and symbolic learning are human behaviors of indirect learning,compared with normalized symbolic learning,the object-based learning mode has not been strengthened and constructed.In fact,there are fundamental differences in information characteristics,carrier attributes and realization means between each other.Therefore,it is necessary to construct a new set of differentiated object-based learning modes.Since museology essentially explores the science of object-based learning among the people,in the inspiration of museology,ordinary objects are first turned into learning media,and then designed into four object-based learning modes,which are aesthetic,contextual,procedural and storage-type modes.The research on traditional material culture intends to restore the previous significance of the material objects and subjects,but the exploration of museology to inspire and construct the new normal mode of object-based learning will be of breakthrough significance in the research on the activation and utilization of objects.