“儒家角色伦理说”批判

Criticism of"Confucian Role Ethics Theory"

近年来,以角色伦理诠释儒家哲学思想是一种比较流行的观点。基于人的关系性存在这一事实,“儒家角色伦理说”认为个人的离散性是一种概念上的抽象,严格的自主是一种误导性的虚构。“儒家角色伦理说”反对行为主体与行为本身相分离的非批判性的实体本体论,它注重身体在实现个人身份和完善行为方面所发挥的不容忽视的功能,它强调道德创造力在思想和生活的完善中所起到的至关重要的作用。“儒家角色伦理说”不仅未能合理定位好“角色”与“角色伦理”范畴的含义,而且作为此种学说理论依据的关系首要性、阐释域境方法论也困境重重。儒家哲学实质上是一种中国式德性伦理。以德性伦理学来定位儒家哲学,可以十分鲜明地彰显儒学的哲学性,可以很好地回应“中国哲学的合法性”问题,可以找到中国哲学与西方哲学的相通之处,可以建构一种不同于西方传统的中国式德性伦理学,即一种不同于建立在个人、理性和自由基础上的且过分强调理性主义方法的德性伦理学,从而实现儒家传统哲学的现代化和世界化。

In recent years,it is a popular view to interpret Confucian philosophical thoughts with role ethics.The"Confucian role ethics theory"is based on the fact that human relations exist,and believes that the discrete nature of individuals is an abstract concept,and strict autonomy is a misleading fiction.The"Confucian role ethics theory"opposes the non critical entity ontology that separates the behavior subject from the behavior itself.It focuses on the function of the body that cannot be ignored in realizing personal identity and improving behavior,and it emphasizes the vital role of moral creativity in the improvement of thought and life.The"Confucian role ethics theory"not only fails to properly define the meaning of the categories of"role"and"role theory",but also has many difficulties in terms of the primacy of the relationship as the theoretical basis of this theory and the methodology of interpreting the domain.Confucian ethics is essentially a kind of Chinese virtue ethics.Positioning Confucian philosophy with virtue ethics can clearly highlight the philosophical nature of Confucianism,respond to the so-called"legitimacy of Chinese philosophy",find the similarities between Chinese philosophy and western philosophy,and construct a Chinese virtue ethics different from western tradition,that is,a Chinese virtue ethics different from that based on individuals,rationality and freedom which overemphasizes the virtue ethics of rationalistic methods,so as to realize the modernization and globalization of traditional Confucian philosophy.