十七年小说的非虚构性问题探析

Exploring the Non-fiction Problem Of The Seventeen-year Novels

在作者创作、文本呈现、读者接受的动态话语体系之中重审十七年小说,其非虚构性特征的普遍性与本质性得以彰显。很多十七年小说的创作都经历过跨文体改写,包括建基于非虚构文本的文体属性改写和建基于虚构文本的文体篇幅改写,某种程度上都增强了小说的非虚构性。十七年小说文本呈现出诗史互渗的美学风格,但无论是偏重史传的史诗性小说还是具有浓厚抒情意味的诗骚型小说,其诗性审美追求都是以史实为底蕴的。近年来,关于十七年小说的研究出现了以版本研究和本事研究为主的实证化研究新形态,这对于解释十七年小说的非虚构性问题具有一定的有效性,但也存在主体性缺失的问题。在注重实证的基础上加入心证一环,或可有效解决实证化研究中主体性缺失的问题,既能重新激发十七年小说研究的活力,也能促进非虚构文学创作与研究的发展。

The universality and essence of the non-fiction characteristics in the seventeen-year novels are highlighted by re-examining their dynamic discourse system in terms of authors'creation,text presentation,and readers'acceptance.Many novels in the seventeen-year have undergone cross-stylistic rewriting,including stylistic attribute rewriting based on non-fiction texts and stylistic length rewriting based on fictional texts.These re-writings have enhanced the non-fiction characteristics of novels to some extent.The seventeen-year novels demonstrate an aesthetic style of poetic and historical interpenetration,but their pursuit of poetic aesthetic is based on historical facts,whether it is an epic novel that focuses on historical legend or a poetic novel with a strong lyrical meaning.In recent years,a new form of empirical research focusing on version research and matter research has emerged in the study of the seventeen-year novels,which has a certain validity in explaining their non-fiction problem,but there is also a problem of lack of subjectivity.Adding mental evidence on the basis of empirical evidence may effectively solve the problem of lack of subjectivity in empirical research,which can not only revitalize the research of the seventeen-year novels,but also promote the development of non-fiction literary creation and research.